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General Information

This manual contains safety information so that you will know the hazards and risks

related to this engine and how to prevent them. It also contains instructions for the

correct use and maintenance of the engine. Because Briggs & Stratton does not know

what equipment this engine will power, it is important that you read, understand, and

obey these instructions. 

Save these original instructions for future reference.

NOTE: 

The figures and illustrations in this manual are for reference only and can be

different from your model. If you need help, contact an Authorized Service Dealer.
For replacement parts or technical help, record the date of purchase, engine model,

type, trim, and the engine serial number. These numbers are located on your engine.

Refer to the 

Features and Controls

 section.

Date of Purchase
Engine Model - Type - Trim
Engine Serial Number

European Office Contact Information

For questions related to European emissions, contact our European office at:

Max-Born-Straße 2, 68519 Viernheim, Germany.

 

European Union (EU) Stage V (5): Carbon

Dioxide (CO2) Values

Enter CO2 in the search window on BriggsandStratton.com to find carbon dioxide values

of Briggs & Stratton EU Type-Approval Certificate engines. 

Recycling Information

Recycle all cartons, boxes, used oil, and batteries as

specified by government regulations.

Operator Safety

Safety Alert Symbol and Signal Words

The safety alert symbol 

 identifies safety information about hazards that could

result in personal injury. A signal word (

DANGER

WARNING

, or 

CAUTION

) is used to

indicate the likelihood and the potential severity of injury. In addition, a hazard symbol

is used to represent the type of hazard.

DANGER

 indicates a hazard which, if not avoided, 

will

 result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

 indicates a hazard which, if not avoided, 

could

 result in death or serious

injury.

CAUTION

 indicates a hazard which, if not avoided, 

could

 result in minor or moderate

injury.

NOTICE

 indicates information considered important but not hazard-related.

Hazard Symbols and Meanings

Safety information about

hazards that can result in

personal injury. 

Read and understand the

Operator's Manual before

operating or servicing the

unit. 

Fire Hazard

Explosion Hazard

Shock Hazard

Toxic Fume Hazard

Hot Surface Hazard

Noise Hazard - Ear

protection recommended

for extended use.

Thrown Object Hazard -

Wear eye protection.

Explosion Hazard

Frostbite Hazard

Kickback Hazard

Amputation Hazard -

Moving Parts

Chemical Hazard

Thermal Heat Hazard

Corrosive Hazard

Safety Messages

WARNING 

Briggs & Stratton® Engines are not designed for and are not to be used to power:

fun-karts; go-karts; children's, recreational, or sport all-terrain vehicles (ATVs);

motorbikes; hovercraft; aircraft products; or vehicles used in competitive events not

sanctioned by Briggs & Stratton. For information about competitive racing products, see

www.briggsracing.com. For use with utility and side-by-side ATVs, please contact Briggs

& Stratton Power Application Center, 1-866-927-3349. Incorrect engine use could result

in serious injury or death.

WARNING 

 

Fuel and its vapors are flammable and explosive. Fire or explosion could result in

burns or death.

When you add fuel

Stop the engine. Before you remove the fuel cap, wait a minimum of two (2)

minutes to make sure that the engine is cool.

Fill the fuel tank outdoors or in an area that has good airflow.

Do not put too much fuel in the tank. For expansion of the fuel, do not fill above

the bottom of the fuel tank neck.

Keep fuel away from sparks, open flames, pilot lights, heat, and other ignition

sources.

Frequently examine the fuel lines, fuel tank, fuel cap, and connections for cracks

or leaks. Replace damaged parts.

If fuel spills, wait until it dries before you start the engine.

When you start the engine

Make sure that the spark plug, muffler, fuel cap and air cleaner (if equipped) are

correctly installed.

Do not crank the engine with the spark plug removed.

If the engine is flooded, set the choke (if equipped) to the OPEN or RUN

position. Move the throttle (if equipped) to the FAST position and crank until the

engine starts.

If there is natural or LP gas leakage in the area, do not start the engine.

Because vapors are flammable, do not use pressurized starter fluids.

When you operate the equipment

Do not tilt the engine or the equipment at an angle which causes fuel to spill.

Do not choke the carburetor (if equipped) to stop the engine.

Do not start or operate the engine with the air cleaner (if equipped) or the air

filter (if equipped) removed.

When you do maintenance

If you drain the oil from the top oil fill tube, the fuel tank must be empty. If it is not

empty, fuel leakage can occur and could result a fire or an explosion.

During maintenance if it is necessary to tilt the unit, make sure that the fuel tank,

if mounted on the engine, is empty and that the spark plug side is up. If the fuel

tank is not empty, leakage can occur and could result a fire or an explosion.

Frequently examine the fuel lines, fuel tank, fuel cap, and connections for cracks

or leaks. Replace damaged parts.

Do not change the governor spring, links or other parts to increase engine

speed.

Do not hit the flywheel with a hammer or hard object. This could result in failure

of the flywheel during operation.

Replacement parts must be of the same design and installed in the same

position as the original parts. Other parts could result in damage or an injury.

6

Not for 

Reproduction

Summary of Contents for 25V000

Page 1: ...Operator s Manual Panduan Operator Manual Operator S tay V n h nh 25V000 Briggs Stratton All rights reserved 80108684 Revision A N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 2: ...1 2 3 4 5 6 2 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 3: ...7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 4: ...14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 4 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 5: ...23 24 25 26 27 5 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 6: ...karts go karts children s recreational or sport all terrain vehicles ATVs motorbikes hovercraft aircraft products or vehicles used in competitive events not sanctioned by Briggs Stratton For informati...

Page 7: ...nstalled Keep hands and feet away from rotating parts Remove jewelry and make sure that long hair is away from all rotating parts Do not wear loose clothes or items that could become caught WARNING Du...

Page 8: ...se a 10 mm wrench and loosen the nut P Figure 3 turn on the throttle control TransportGuard lever to the OFF position 4 Install the Z fitting of the solid wire cable Q Figure 9 to one of the two small...

Page 9: ...nents which will not be repaired under the warranty To protect the fuel system from gum formation and corrosion mix an alcohol free fuel stabilizer and ethanol treatment into the fuel Refer to the Sto...

Page 10: ...econds maximum Wait one minute between start cycles 7 As the engine warms move the choke control B Figure 17 to the OPEN position If the engine does not start after 2 or 3 times contact your local dea...

Page 11: ...disposal or recycling facilities For Just Check Add models an oil change is not necessary If an oil change is necessary refer to the procedure that follows Remove Oil 1 With engine off but warm discon...

Page 12: ...fe allowable operating limits on slopes Service Parts Model 25V000 Service Part Part Number Cable Mounting Bracket 84004150 Paper Air Filter 84002310 Resistor Spark Plug 597383 Spark Plug Wrench 19576...

Page 13: ...excessive v belt tightness 6 Associated parts or assemblies such as clutches transmissions equipment controls etc which are not supplied by Briggs Stratton 7 Overheating due to grass clippings dirt an...

Page 14: ...warranty coverage of failures of emissions parts caused by the use of add on or modified parts Look For Relevant Emissions Durability Period and Air Index Information On Your Small Off Road Engine Em...

Page 15: ...red or replaced under warranty will be warranted for the remaining warranty period Any warranted part that is scheduled for replacement as required maintenance in the Operator s Manual supplied is war...

Page 16: ...an 80 cc displacement and less than 225 cc displacement Category C 125 hours Category B 250 hours Category A 500 hours For engines of 225 cc or more displacement Category C 250 hours Category B 500 ho...

Page 17: ...a direkomendasikan untuk penggunaan jangka panjang Bahaya Benda Terlempar Kenakan pelindung mata Bahaya Ledakan Bahaya Radang Beku Bahaya Hentakan Balik Bahaya Amputasi Komponen yang Bergerak Bahaya B...

Page 18: ...er yang cepat hentakan balik akan menarik tangan dan lengan menuju mesin lebih cepat dari usaha Anda untuk melepaskannya Hal ini dapat menyebabkan patah tulang tulang retak memar atau terkilir Untuk m...

Page 19: ...osisi OFF 2 Lepaskan pegas S Gambar 8 3 Gunakan kunci pas 10 mm untuk melonggarkan mur P Gambar 3 putaran pada tuas kontrol trotel TransportGuard A 4 Pasang Z fitting kabel tembaga tunggal Q Gambar 8...

Page 20: ...ngan Ketinggian Oli Rendah jika dipasang Sensor ketinggian oli rendah dipasang pada beberapa mesin Apabila oli rendah sensor akan menunjukkan lampu peringatan atau mematikan mesin Matikan mesin dan ik...

Page 21: ...a kontrol penggerak peralatan jika dipasang dalam kondisi nonaktif 3 Pindahkan kendali trotel TransportGuard A Gambar 17 jika dilengkapi ke posisi CEPAT atau BEROPERASI Jalankan mesin pada posisi CEPA...

Page 22: ...memperoleh spark arrester yang dirancang untuk sistem pembuangan yang dipasang pada mesin ini Bersihkan serpihan dari area knalpot dan silinder Periksa keretakan korosi atau kerusakan lainnya pada kn...

Page 23: ...akan sikat atau kain kering untuk membersihkan kisi kisi masuk udara dari serpihan 2 Jaga agar mata rantai pegas dan kontrol tetap bersih 3 Jaga agar area di sekitar dan di belakang knalpot jika dilen...

Page 24: ...tuk menggantikan sumber listrik induk generator siaga yang digunakan untuk keperluan komersial kendaraan serbaguna yang melebihi 25 MPH atau mesin yang digunakan dalam balapan kompetitif atau dengan t...

Page 25: ...68519 Viernheim Germany EU V 5 CO2 BriggsandStratton com CO2 Briggs Stratton EU Briggs Stratton All Terrain Vehicle ATV Briggs Stratton www briggsracing com ATV Briggs Stratton 1 866 927 3349 2 LP 25...

Page 26: ...LP 2 4442 4442 36 CFR 261 52 OEM 1 2 1 A ID B C D E F G H I J TransportGuard K L M 1 26 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 27: ...ortGuard 3 A OFF 2 9 S 3 10mm 3 P TransportGuard A OFF 4 Z 9 Q R 2 5 9 I M N I 6 2 3 9 L 3 P 1 TransportGuard 10 A OFF 2 3 S 3 10mm 3 P TransportGuard 10 A OFF 4 Z 10 L A S 5 10 I M N I 6 2 3 10 L 3 P...

Page 28: ...F SG SH SJ 5W 30 Vanguard 15W 50 A SAE 30 40 F 4 C SAE 30 B 10W 30 80 F 27 C 10W 30 C 5W 30 D 5W 30 E Vanguard 15W 50 Briggs Stratton 87 87 AKI 91 RON 10 E15 E85 EM ECM MPI O2S 5 000 1 524 85 85 AKI 8...

Page 29: ...SED 5 17 C 6 17 D START 5 1 7 17 B OPEN 2 3 vanguardpower com 1 800 999 9333 Transport Guard TransportGuard 18 A OFF STOP TransportGuard 18 A OFF STOP OFF TransportGuard OFF STOP 18 D D Briggs Stratto...

Page 30: ...4442 4442 36 CFR 261 52 OEM 2 Just Check Add 1 20 D E 2 A 21 3 2 22 H F H F 4 F 22 1 2 2 23 C G C G 1 3 4 5 6 1 C 24 2 A 24 B 3 B 24 4 B 24 5 A 24 C 1 25 A C 2 25 B C 3 25 D 4 25 D 5 25 D 6 25 C A 25...

Page 31: ...mm 170 170 Nm 010 014 25 35 mm 004 006 10 15 mm 006 008 15 20 mm 1 000 300 3 5 77 F 25 C 10 F 5 6 C 1 30 25V000 84004150 84002310 597383 19576S 5402 84003327 Briggs Stratton SAE J1940 SAE J1995 rpm 2...

Page 32: ...STRATTON COM 1300 274 447 salesenquires briggsandstratton com au Briggs Stratton Australia Pty Ltd 1 Moorebank Avenue NSW Australia 2170 Briggs Stratton 1 Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton 2 3 10 Briggs...

Page 33: ...orn Stra e 2 68519 Viernheim Germany EU V 5 CO2 Briggs Stratton EU BriggsandStratton com CO2 Briggs Stratton ATV Briggs Stratton www briggsracing com Briggs Stratton 1 866 927 3349 2 33 N o t f o r R...

Page 34: ...2 4442 California Public Resource Code 4442 36 CFR Part 261 52 1 2 1 A B C D E F G H I J TransportGuard K L M 1 Briggs Stratton 1 TransportGuard A 3 34 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 35: ...2 3 L 9 P 3 1 TransportGuard A 10 2 S 3 3 10mm TransportGuard A 10 P 3 1 2 4 Z Q 10 A S 5 I 10 M N I 6 2 3 L 10 P 3 U 11 Briggs Stratton 1 TransportGuard A 11 2 S 3 3 10mm TransportGuard A 11 P 3 1 2...

Page 36: ...80 F 27 C 10W 30 C 5W 30 D 5W 30 E Vanguard 15W 50 Briggs Stratton 87 87 AKI 91 RON 10 E15 E85 EM ECM MPI O2S 1524 5000 85 85AKI 89RON Briggs Stratton 762 2500 EFI 2 1 2 A 16 B 3 Briggs Stratton 36 N...

Page 37: ...5 1 7 B 17 2 3 vanguardpower com 1 800 999 9333 TransportGuard TransportGuard A 18 TransportGuard A 18 TransportGuard D 18 D Briggs Stratton 5 8 100 200 1 600 3 1 2 1 2 Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton...

Page 38: ...CFR Part 261 52 2 Just Check Add 1 D 20 E 2 A 21 3 2 H F 22 H F 4 F 22 1 2 2 C G 23 C G 1 3 4 5 6 1 C 24 2 A 24 B 3 B 24 4 B 24 5 C A 24 1 A 25 C 2 B 25 C 3 D 25 4 D 25 5 D 25 6 C 25 A E 25 F 1 A 26 2...

Page 39: ...84003327 Briggs Stratton SAE J1940 SAE J1995 rpm 2600RPM 3060RPM 3600RPM www BRIGGSandSTRATTON COM Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton 2021 8 Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton BRIGGSandSTRATTON COM 1 1 2 3...

Page 40: ...iggs Stratton 1 Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton 2 3 10 Briggs Stratton 4 5 V 6 Briggs Stratton 7 8 9 Briggs Stratton BRIGGSandSTRATTON COM 1 800 444 7774 80004537 G 40 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i...

Page 41: ...ndung mata Bahaya Letupan Bahaya Luka Beku Bahaya Tendangan Balik Bahaya Amputasi Bahagian Bergerak Bahaya Bahan Kimia Bahaya Haba Termal Bahaya Kakisan Mesej Keselamatan AMARAN Enjin Briggs Stratton...

Page 42: ...boleh berlaku Untuk mengelakkan tendangan balik apabila anda memulakan enjin tarik kord pemula perlahan lahan sehingga rintangan dirasai dan kemudian tarik dengan cepat Sebelum anda memulakan enjin p...

Page 43: ...ah Kepala Silinder 1 Gerakkan tuil kawalan pendikit TransportGuard A Rajah 3 ke posisi TUTUP 2 Tanggalkan pegas S Rajah 8 3 Gunakan perengkuh 10 mm dan longgarkan nat P Rajah 3 sebanyak pusingan tuil...

Page 44: ...jika dikelaskan untuk servis SF SG SH SJ atau lebih tinggi Jangan gunakan aditif khusus Gunakan carta untuk memilih kelikatan terbaik untuk julat suhu luar yang dijangkakan Enjin dalam kebanyakan per...

Page 45: ...n monoksida boleh terkumpul dalam ruang yang dihuni Untuk mengurangkan risiko gas karbon monoksida HANYA kendalikan produk ini di luar dan jauh dari tingkap pintu dan liang udara Pasang penggera karbo...

Page 46: ...bahan api Servis sistem penyejukan 1 Periksa ruang lega injap 2 1 Bersihkan dengan lebih kerap dalam keadaan berdebu atau apabila terdapat banyak partikel di udara 2 Tidak perlu melainkan jika masalah...

Page 47: ...ermukaan yang keras Jika penapis kotor gantikannya dengan penapis baharu 4 Pasangkan penapis B Rajah 24 5 Pasang penutup A Rajah 24 dengan pengikat C Pastikan pengikat benar benar ketat Penapis Udara...

Page 48: ...mbapan altitud dan kepelbagaian enjin ke enjin Disebabkan oleh pembatasan pengilangan dan kapasiti Briggs Stratton boleh menggantikan enjin yang mempunyai nilai kuasa yang lebih tinggi untuk enjin ini...

Page 49: ...ratton 2 Pengendalian enjin dengan minyak pelincir yang tidak mencukupi tercemar atau mempunyai gred yang salah 3 Penggunaan bahan api yang tercemar atau lama petrol yang diformulasikan dengan etanol...

Page 50: ...n Stra e 2 68519 Viernheim Germany EU V 5 CO2 CO2 BriggsandStratton com EU Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton ATV Briggs Stratton www briggsracing com Briggs Stratton 1 866 927 3349 2 LPG 50 N o t f o r...

Page 51: ...LPG 2 California Public Resouce 4442 4442 Federal Regulation 36 CFR Part 261 52 1 2 1 A Trim B C D E F G H I J TransportGuard K L M 1 51 N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 52: ...2 TransportGuard A 4 Z fitting Q 9 R 5 I 9 N M I 6 2 3 L 9 P 3 1 TransportGuard A 10 2 S 3 3 10 P 3 1 2 TransportGuard A 4 Z fitting L 10 S A 5 I 10 N M I 6 2 3 L 10 P 3 U 11 Briggs Stratton Authorize...

Page 53: ...40 4 SAE 30 B 10W 30 80 27 10W 30 C 5W 30 D 5W 30 E Vanguard 15W 50 Briggs Stratton 87 87 AKI 91 RON 10 E15 E85 EM ECM MPI O2S 85 85 AKI 89 RON 5 000 1 524 Briggs Stratton 2 500 762 EFI 2 1 2 A 16 B 3...

Page 54: ...D 17 7 B 17 2 3 vanguardpower com 1 800 999 9333 TransportGuard TransportGuard A 18 TransportGuard TransportGuard D 18 D Briggs Stratton 5 8 100 200 1 600 3 1 2 1 2 Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton A 1...

Page 55: ...ation 36 CFR Part 261 52 2 Just Check Add 1 D 20 E 2 A 21 3 H F 22 H F 4 F 22 1 2 C G 23 C G 3 4 5 6 1 C 24 2 A 24 B 3 B 24 4 B 24 5 A 24 C 1 A 25 C 2 B 25 C 3 D 25 4 D 25 5 D 25 6 C 25 A E 25 F 1 A 2...

Page 56: ...0 F 5 6 C 77 F 25 C 30 25V000 84004150 84002310 597383 25V000 19576S 5402 84003327 Briggs Stratton J1940 SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAE J1995 2 600 RPM rpm 3 060 3 600 www BRIGGSandSTRATTON C...

Page 57: ...sandstratton com au Briggs Stratton Australia Pty Ltd 1 Moorebank Avenue Moorebank NSW 2170 Briggs Stratton 1 Briggs Stratton 2 3 10 Briggs Stratton 4 5 6 Briggs Stratton 7 8 9 Briggs Stratton BRIGGSa...

Page 58: ...Mang k nh b o v m t Nguy c Ch y n Nguy c b Ph ng l nh Nguy c b K o ng c t ng t Nguy c b C t c t chi Do c c b ph n Chuy n ng Nguy c do Ho ch t Nguy c v Nhi t n ng Nguy c n m n Th ng i p v an to n C NH...

Page 59: ...gi i h n c nh qu t g t tuy t r ng r c v a x ch c g n ch nh x c C NH B O C c b ph n quay c th v ng v o tay ch n t c qu n o ho c ph ki n v d n n ch n th ng do c t v o chi ho c l m r ch da th t V n h nh...

Page 60: ...rtGuard A H nh 3 n v tr T T 2 Th o l xo S H nh 9 3 D ng c l 10mm n i l ng ai c P H nh 3 v ng tr n c n i u khi n van ti t l u TransportGuard n v tr T T 4 L p ph ki n h nh ch Z c a d y c p c Q H nh 9 v...

Page 61: ...s d ng x ng ch a c ph chu n nh E15 v E85 Kh ng c tr n d u v o x ng ho c ch nh s a ng c c th v n h nh c v i c c lo i nhi n li u kh c Vi c s d ng nhi n li u kh ng c ph chu n s l m h ng c c b ph n c a ng...

Page 62: ...khi kh i ng ng c h y k o d y kh i ng t t cho n khi c m th y c l c c n r i k o nhanh Tr c khi kh i ng ng c h y ng t k t n i ho c th o t t c c c thi t b b n ngo i v t i ng c m b o r ng c c b ph n c a th...

Page 63: ...y n Ch y ho c n c th d n n b ng ho c t vong Trong qu tr nh ho t ng ng c v b gi m m tr n n n ng N u ch m v o ng c ang n ng b n c th b b ng nhi t N u r t d u t ng ch m d u ph a tr n th b nh nhi n li u p...

Page 64: ...g ch a c ph duy t V n h nh ng c cho n khi h t nhi n li u D u ng c Trong khi ng c v n c n m h y thay d u ng c Tham kh o m c Thay D u ng c X L S C H tr c h tr h y li n h v i i l t i a ph ng c a b n ho c...

Page 65: ...n t i salesenquiries briggsandstratton com au Briggs Stratton Australia Pty Ltd 1 Moorebank Avenue Moorebank NSW Australia 2170 Th i h n b o h nh b t u t ng y m ng i ti u d ng b n l ho c ng i s d ng...

Page 66: ...Max Born Stra e 2 68519 Viernheim Germany EU 5 CO2 BriggsandStratton com CO2 Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton ATV Briggs Stratton www briggsracing com ATV Briggs Stratton 1 866 927 3349 2 66 N o t f o...

Page 67: ...36 CFR Part 261 52 1 2 1 A Trim B C D E F G H I J Transport Guard K L M 1 1 TransportGuard A 3 2 S 3 1 10 TransportGuard A P 4 2 10 J 5 K 3 J L 5 K L 12 7 4 I 5 N M I 5 2 3 L 5 P 6 1 10 TransportGuard...

Page 68: ...TransportGuard A 11 2 S 3 3 10 TransportGuard A 11 P 3 4 L 11 Z A S 5 T 11 U T U 30 3 4 T 6 I 11 N M I 7 2 3 L 11 P 3 1 TransportGuard A 12 2 S 12 3 TransportGuard A 12 4 V 12 25 2 8 V 5 H 12 Transpor...

Page 69: ...iggs Stratton 2500 762 EFI 2 1 2 A 16 B 3 Briggs Stratton 1 2 3 TransportGuard A 17 4 B 17 5 C 17 6 D 17 START 5 1 7 B 17 2 3 vanguardpower com 1 800 999 9333 Transport Guard TransportGuard A 18 Trans...

Page 70: ...600 3 1 2 1 2 Briggs Stratton Briggs Stratton B A 19 2 4442 California Public Resource Code 4442 36 CFR Part 261 52 2 Just Check Add 1 D 20 E 2 A 21 3 H F 22 H F 4 F 22 1 2 C G 23 C G 3 4 5 6 70 N o t...

Page 71: ...0 24 898 408 3 465 88 2 638 67 30 3 4 25 2 8 28 32 82 95 030 76 170 170 010 014 25 35 004 006 10 15 006 008 15 20 1000 300 3 5 77 F 25 C 10 F 5 6 C 1 30 25V000 84004150 84002310 597383 19576S 5402 840...

Page 72: ...n Consumer Law BRIGGSandSTRATTON COM 1300 274 447 salesenquiries briggsandstratton com au Briggs Stratton Australia Pty Ltd 1 Moorebank Avenue Moorebank NSW Australia 2170 Briggs Stratton 1 Briggs Str...

Page 73: ...N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 74: ...N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 75: ...N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

Page 76: ...N o t f o r R e p r o d u c t i o n...

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