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Copyright © 2004-2005, Vivato, Inc.
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Layer 7, the Application layer, includes protocols like hypertext transfer protocol (
transfer protocol (SMTP), and file transfer protocol (FTP).
Packet
Data and media are transmitted among nodes on a network in the form of
packets
. Data and multimedia
content is divided up and packaged into
packets
. A packet includes a small chunk of the content to be sent
along with its destination address and sender address. Packets are pushed out onto the network and
inspected by each node. The node to which it is addressed is the ultimate recipient.
Packet Loss
Packet Loss
describes the percentage of packets transmitted over the network that did not reach their
intended destination. A 0 percent package loss indicates no packets were lost in transmission.
features are designed to minimize packet loss.
PHY
The Physical Layer (PHY) is the lowest layer in the network layer model (see
). The Physical Layer
conveys the bit stream - electrical impulse, light or radio signal -- through the network at the electrical and
mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a medium, including
defining cables,
s, and physical aspects.
and the
family are protocols with physical layer components.
PID
The
Process Identifier
(PID) is an integer used by Linux to uniquely identify a process. A PID is returned by
the
fork()
system call. It can be used by
wait()
or
kill()
to perform actions on the given process.
PoE
Power Over Ethernet (PoE) provides the ability to power the AP/Bridge through an Ethernet connection
using an IEEE 802.3af-compliant switch or other device, eliminating the need to have a power supply
where the AP/Bridge is located.
Port Forwarding
Port Forwarding
creates a ‘tunnel’ through a firewall, allowing users on the Internet access to a service
running on one of the computers on your
, for example, a Web server, an FTP or SSH server, or other
services. From the outside user’s point of view, it looks like the service is running on the firewall.
PPP
The
Point-to-Point Protocol
is a standard for transmitting network layer datagrams (
packets) over serial
point-to-point links. PPP is designed to operate both over asynchronous connections and bit-oriented
synchronous systems.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
(PPPoE) is a specification for connecting the users on a
to the
Internet through a common broadband medium, such as a single DSL or cable modem line.
