Watson-Marlow 530 Du, Operating Manual

Page 1: ...7 Safety notes 10 8 Pump specifications 13 8 1 Specification ratings 13 8 2 Weights 13 8 3 Pumphead options 14 9 Good pump installation practice 15 9 1 General recommendations 15 9 2 Dos and don ts 16...

Page 2: ...17 3 INCREASING AND DECREASING FLOW RATE 47 17 4 MAX FUNCTION Manual mode only 48 18 Flow calibration 49 18 1 Setting the flow calibration 49 19 Analog mode 52 19 1 Analog calibration 53 19 2 Calibrat...

Page 3: ...1 Leak detection 103 23 2 Error codes 104 23 3 Technical support 105 24 Drive maintenance 106 25 Drive spares 107 26 Pumphead replacement 108 26 1 Pumphead replacement 108 27 Tube replacement 109 27...

Page 4: ...quipment of machines BS EN 60204 1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use BS EN 61010 1 UL 61010 1 Safety of machinery Basic concepts general principal...

Page 5: ...Management System ISO 9001 and the technical documentation is compiled in accordance with Annex VII B of the Directive We undertake to transmit in response to a reasoned request by the appropriate nat...

Page 6: ...4 Components supplied 530 Components 530 pump drive unit fitted with 520R2 or other pumphead if specified as a pump The designated power cable attached to the pump drive unit A 520N module providing...

Page 7: ...il us this information and receive a RGA Returned Goods Authorisation before you despatch the product s A copy of the RGA form must be attached to the outside of the packaging containing the product s...

Page 8: ...ller leaves the track the second continues to advance expelling the packet of fluid through the pump s discharge port At the same time a new partial vacuum is created behind the second roller into whi...

Page 9: ...oss of product pumped and loss of production This warranty does not obligate Watson Marlow to bear any costs of removal installation transportation or other charges which may arise in connection with...

Page 10: ...d on the pump and in the manual means Caution refer to accompanying documents This symbol used on the pump and in the manual means Do not allow fingers to contact moving parts This symbol used on the...

Page 11: ...ocked Do not fit any devices to the drive unit other than those tested and approved by Watson Marlow Doing so could lead to injury to persons or damage to property for which no liability can be accept...

Page 12: ...nsure the pump is isolated from the mains power 2 Ensure that there is no pressure in the pipeline 3 If a tube failure has occurred ensure that any fluid in the pumphead has been allowed to drain to a...

Page 13: ...e 2 IP IP31 to BS EN 60529 if supplied with N module then IP66 to BS EN 60529 Equivalent to NEMA 4X to NEMA 250 indoor use protect from prolonged UV exposure dB rating 530 70dB A 1m Control ratio 530...

Page 14: ...14 m 530dun gb 01 8 3 Pumphead options 530 pump range 520R 501RL 313 314 505L 505BA 505CA 314MC 318MC...

Page 15: ...be set up so that the direction of rotor rotation is clockwise or counter clockwise whichever is convenient Please note however that for some pumpheads the tube life will be greater if the rotor rota...

Page 16: ...e the pump at or just below the level of the fluid to be pumped if possible This will ensure flooded suction and maximum pumping efficiency l Do run at slow speed when pumping viscous fluids Flooded s...

Page 17: ...ressed will perform the function displayed on the screen directly above the relevant function key and keys These keys are used to change the programmable values within the pump These keys are also use...

Page 18: ...18 m 530dun gb 01 10 2 Starting and stopping 10 3 Using up and down keys 10 4 Maximum speed 10 5 Change rotation direction...

Page 19: ...cting to the mains supply or the pump will be damaged Make suitable connection to an earthed single phase mains electricity supply If the pump type is one with an N module the voltage selector is not...

Page 20: ...for the equipment The pump must be positioned so that the disconnection device is easily accessible when the equipment is in use 11 1 Conductor colour coding Conductor type European colour North Amer...

Page 21: ...er connections are achieved between the pump and suction and discharge piping o Ensure proper connection has been made to a suitable power supply o Ensure that the recommendations in the section Good...

Page 22: ...owever do not allow pump 0V to exceed 10V from the pump mains earth through connection with remote equipment to avoid overstressing internal 0V to Earth EMI capacitors Never apply mains power to the D...

Page 23: ...and Outputs Note Not all functions may be available those available will depend on your pump model Key to symbols Wiring the upper D connector Signal Name Input or output Configur able Signal respons...

Page 24: ...24 m 530dun gb 01 Signal Name Input or output Configur able Signal response AUTO MAN No LOGIC OUT 1 Yes LOGIC OUT 2 Yes...

Page 25: ...Signal Name Input or output Configur able Signal response LOGIC OUT 3 Yes LOGIC OUT 4 Yes COMMON No m 530dun gb 01 25...

Page 26: ...26 m 530dun gb 01 Wiring the lower D connector Function Input or output Configur able Signal response TACHO FREQUENCY No TACHO No 0 10V 4 20mA No 0 10V...

Page 27: ...Function Input or output Configur able Signal response TTL 1 Yes TTL 2 Yes DIRECTION No m 530dun gb 01 27...

Page 28: ...28 m 530dun gb 01 Function Input or output Configur able Signal response START STOP Yes DIRECTION ENABLE No...

Page 29: ...Function Input or output Configur able Signal response DOSE No ANALOG 1 No 0 10V 4 20mA No 0 10V m 530dun gb 01 29...

Page 30: ...load 4K7 ohms VAUX Upper 21 Nom 22V 18 35V unregulated 10mA Nom 100mA fused 13 5 N Modules Standard and SCADA The recommended cable and cable glands must be used for the IP66 NEMA 4X version of the p...

Page 31: ...passed through the standard gland 9 5mm 5mm The cable section must be circular to ensure a seal Never apply mains power to the terminals within the N module Apply the correct signals to the terminals...

Page 32: ...32 m 530dun gb 01 Connector No Function Input or output Configurable Signal response J1 No J2 No J3 No Standard N Module Input output Connectors...

Page 33: ...Connector No Function Input or output Configurable Signal response J4 Yes J5 No J6 No J7 No 10V 10mA Max J8 No m 530dun gb 01 33...

Page 34: ...34 m 530dun gb 01 Connector No Function Input or output Configurable Signal response J9 Yes J10 No 10mA DC Max J11 No Hz 5V TTL V 0 10V I 4 20mA J13 J14 15 16 17 Yes LOW N C HIGH N O 24V DC MAX...

Page 35: ...r to ensure a seal when passed through the standard gland 9 5mm 5mm The cable section must be circular to ensure a seal Never apply mains power above 130V AC to the terminals within the SCADA module A...

Page 36: ...36 m 530dun gb 01 Connector No Function Input or Output Configurable Signal Response J1 No J2 No J3 No J4 Yes J5 No J6 No J7 No 10V 10mA Max SCADA N Module Input output Connectors...

Page 37: ...20mA J12 J13 J14 J15 Yes LOW N C HIGH N O 110VAC MAX 13 8 Standard 9 way D RS232 Use Recommended control cable 7 strands 0 2mm 24AWG screened circular up to 25 core The cable screen should be earthed...

Page 38: ...e that Num2 is optional and specifies the number of drip tacho pulses maximum 11000 see Note 2 TC Clear the cumulative tachometer count SP Num1 or Num1 Num2 Set speed to Num1 RPM Range 0 1 999 9 in st...

Page 39: ...ed Direction enable 0 disabled 1 enabled Spare1 input4 0 inactive 1 active Spare2 input5 0 inactive 1 active checksum EOM e g 1 530Du 15 12 520R 9 6 220 0 CW 123456789 12345 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 CS Note 4 Th...

Page 40: ...per revolution This in turn allows the count to be equated to the amount of material dispensed assuming that the pumphead type and tube size are known Note 2 The status is returned to the sender in th...

Page 41: ...onds 14 1 Selecting the display language 1 Use the keys to select your chosen language and press SELECT 2 Your selected language will now be displayed on sceen Choose CONFIRM to continue All text will...

Page 42: ...ml rev Flow units rpm SG value 1 Keypad lock Disabled Auto restart OFF Analog signal type mA Analog scaling type mA Analog min current 5mA Analog max current 19mA Analog min flow rate rpm 0rpm Analog...

Page 43: ...dy to operate according to the defaults listed above Note The display background colour changes according to running state as follows l White background indicates pump stopped l Grey background indica...

Page 44: ...st Check that the pump is set to operate as you require it The pump is now ready to operate All operating parameters may be changed by means of key presses see Pump operation on page 17 Power interrup...

Page 45: ...nge mode menu Use the and keys to scroll through the available modes o Manual default o Flow calibration o Analog o Network o MemoDose o CANCEL Use SELECT to choose mode Use the right hand function ke...

Page 46: ...return to the last known operating state when the power was lost When the pump is running it displays an animated clockwise arrow In normal operation the direction of flow is into the bottom port of...

Page 47: ...ND DECREASING FLOW RATE Using the and keys will increase or decrease the flow rate Decreasing flow rate o A single key press will decrease flow rate by the least significant digit of the chosen flow r...

Page 48: ...rate unit o Repeat key presses as required to achieve the desired flow rate o Hold down the key for flow rate scrolling 17 4 MAX FUNCTION Manual mode only o Press and hold the MAX key to run at maximu...

Page 49: ...This pump displays flow rate in ml min 18 1 Setting the flow calibration Using the keys scroll to Flow calibration and press CALIBRATE Using the keys enter the maximum flow rate limit and press ENTER...

Page 50: ...50 m 530dun gb 01 Press START to begin pumping a volume of fluid for calibration Press STOP to stop pumping fluid for the calibration...

Page 51: ...e keys to enter the actual volume of fluid pumped To accept the new calibration press ACCEPT or RE CALIBRATE to repeat the procedure Press HOME or MODE to abort The pump is now calibrated m 530dun gb...

Page 52: ...The rate of flow can be proportional or inversely proportional to the analog input The default values stored in the pump are A 5mA 0 rpm and B 19mA 220 rpm When the analog signal received is greater...

Page 53: ...values High and low signals must be within range If the signal sent is out of range you will not be able to set the signal input value and progress to the next step in the process Select MENU then sel...

Page 54: ...put and press SELECT Select the input signal type using the keys and press SELECT The pump gives the option to enter the high and low mA or V signals manually or via the analog input Entering mA value...

Page 55: ...nt values manually via the keypad or whether to apply the current signals electrically to the analog input 19 3 Setting a high signal Send the high signal input to the pump or enter the current value...

Page 56: ...56 m 530dun gb 01 ACCEPT appears when high mA signal is within tolerance limits Press ACCEPT to accept the high signal input or CANCEL to return to the previous screen...

Page 57: ...Using the keys scroll to the desired flow rate Select SET FLOW or press BACK to return to the previous screen 19 5 Setting a low signal Send the low signal input to the pump or enter the current valu...

Page 58: ...the low and high signal is less than 1 5mA the following error message will be displayed ACCEPT appears when low mA signal is within tolerance limits Press ACCEPT to accept the low signal input or CA...

Page 59: ...ation Using the keys scroll to the desired scale factor Select SET FLOW This proceeds to the screen confirming calibration is complete Select ANALOG to start in analog mode or MANUAL to continue in ma...

Page 60: ...roportion to the signal from Analog 2 according to the formula y as where a is the speed set by Analog 1 s is the scaling set by Analog 2 and y is the scaled rotation speed Using the keys scroll to Sc...

Page 61: ...Choose whether to enter the current values manually via the keypad or whether to apply the current signals electrically to the analog input m 530dun gb 01 61...

Page 62: ...signal Send the high signal input to the pump or enter the current value using the keys ACCEPT appears when high mA signal is within tolerance limits Press ACCEPT to accept the high signal input or CA...

Page 63: ...ing the keys scroll to the desired scale factor Select SET SCALE or press BACK to return to the previous screen 19 10 Setting a low signal Send the low signal input to the pump or enter the current va...

Page 64: ...when low mA signal is within tolerance limits Press ACCEPT to accept the low signal input or CANCEL to return to the previous screen 19 11 Setting low flow calibration Using the keys scroll to the de...

Page 65: ...This proceeds to the screen confirming calibration is complete Select ANALOG to start in analog mode or MANUAL to continue in manual mode m 530dun gb 01 65...

Page 66: ...e pump without warning 20 1 Network settings o Select MODE o Using the keys scroll to Network and press SETTINGS RS232 or RS485 are automatically assigned according to the network connection type If c...

Page 67: ...that can be assigned to the pump is 32 otherwise it is 16 20 4 Baud rate The baud rate will now be highlighted Adjust using the keys and press NEXT to assign and move on The following table shows the...

Page 68: ...68 m 530dun gb 01 20 6 Save network settings The following screen is displayed Press SAVE to save the new network settings or DISCARD to discard the new settings and return to the HOME screen...

Page 69: ...een dispensed the dose MemoDose mode allows the user to repeat dose a precise volume of fluid This can be achieved by dispensing a master dose or entering a dose volume manually using the keypad MemoD...

Page 70: ...70 m 530dun gb 01 21 2 Set flow rate Using the keys scroll to Flow rate and press SELECT Using the keys enter the dose flow rate and press SELECT...

Page 71: ...d From the MemoDose settings screen use the keys to scroll to Resume Interrupted Dose and press ENABLE The red cross will become a green tick to indicate that Resume interrupted dose is enabled If thi...

Page 72: ...530dun gb 01 If resume interrupted doses has NOT been set the following warning screen is displayed press CONFIRM to save this setting 21 4 Master dose Using the keys scroll to Master dose and press S...

Page 73: ...he following screen is displayed press MANUAL to enter a dose via the keypad or DOSE to dispense a master dose Dispensing a master dose Press START to begin dispensing the Master Dose m 530dun gb 01 7...

Page 74: ...OP to finish dispensing the Master Dose Manual dose entry Press MANUAL on the master dose screen Using the keys enter the required dose volume and press SELECT to record the master dose or CANCEL to r...

Page 75: ...record the Master Dose or CANCEL to return to MemoDose settings When MemoDose SETTINGS are complete the following screen is displayed press MEMODOSE to start in MemoDose Mode or BACK to return to Memo...

Page 76: ...he delivered dose differs from the volume required the percentage may be adjusted within the limits 1 to 999 of the master dose Use the keys to alter the percentage The new dose size is displayed as a...

Page 77: ...of the HOME screens or INFO screens This will display the main menu as shown below Use the keys to move the selection bar between the available options Press SELECT to choose an option Press EXIT to r...

Page 78: ...Y SETTINGS from the Main menu Auto keypad lock Press ENABLE DISABLE to switch on off the Auto keypad lock When active the keypad will lock after 20 seconds of inactivity Once locked it will display th...

Page 79: ...on off the PIN protection If PIN protection has been enabled a Master level PIN will be required to disable PIN lock Setting Master PIN Setting the Master PIN protects all functionality The Master is...

Page 80: ...e the keys to select each digit from 0 9 Once you have the required digit press the NEXT DIGIT key After selecting the fourth digit press ENTER Now press CONFIRM to check that the number entered is th...

Page 81: ...tionality Press NEXT to selectively enable functionality access for User 1 and User 2 Configure User 1 security settings The PIN PROTECTION level screen will be displayed with User 1 highlighted press...

Page 82: ...To define a four digit User 1 PIN use the keys to select each digit from 0 9 Once you have the required digit press the NEXT DIGIT key After selecting the fourth digit press ENTER Now press CONFIRM to...

Page 83: ...isable functionality highlight the enabled functionality and press DISABLE When all the required functionality has been enabled press FINISH Configure User 2 security settings The PIN PROTECTION level...

Page 84: ...required digit press the NEXT DIGIT key After selecting the fourth digit press ENTER To define the allowed functionality use the keys to select the functionality and press ENABLE User 2 PIN will allow...

Page 85: ...ll pump functionality and the User 1 and User 2 PINs access only the defined functionality To enter the PIN use the keys to select each digit from 0 9 Once you have the required digit press the NEXT D...

Page 86: ...is entered that is already in use the following screen will be displayed press CHANGE to input an alternative PIN or EXIT to abort If the PIN entered does not allow access to the functionality the fo...

Page 87: ...RAL SETTINGS from the main menu Auto restart This pump offers an auto restart feature If active on power loss it restores the pump when power returns to the operating state it was in when power was lo...

Page 88: ...to turn the auto restart feature on off Do not use auto restart for more than 20 mains power starts per hour We recommend remote control where a high number of starts is required Pump will start auto...

Page 89: ...flow unit is displayed on the right hand side of the screen To change flow units move the selection bar over the flow unit menu entry and press SELECT Use the keys to move the selection bar over the...

Page 90: ...ress SELECT Pump label The pump label is a user defined 20 digit alphanumeric label which is displayed in the header bar of the home screen To define or edit the pump label move the selection bar over...

Page 91: ...cters for each digit The available characters are 0 9 A Z and SPACE Press NEXT to move onto the next character or PREVIOUS to move back to the previous character Press FINISH to save the entry and ret...

Page 92: ...pe Select GENERAL SETTINGS from the main menu Use the keys to move the selection bar over Pumphead type and press SELECT The following screen will be displayed Use the keys to move the selection bar o...

Page 93: ...selection bar over the required pumphead type and press SELECT Tube size and tube material Select Tube size from GENERAL SETTINGS then use the keys to move the selection bar over Bore size and press...

Page 94: ...94 m 530dun gb 01 Use the keys to move the selection bar over the tube size to be used and press SELECT If a LoadSure element has been selected then the tube size is displayed as pressure and bore...

Page 95: ...s you to select the tube material used Use the keys to move the selection bar over Tube material and press SELECT Use the keys to move the selection bar over the tube material to be used and press SEL...

Page 96: ...able characters are 0 9 A Z and SPACE Press NEXT to move onto the next character or PREVIOUS to move back to the last character Press FINISH to save the entry and return to the general settings menu R...

Page 97: ...Press SELECT to confirm Your selected language will now be displayed on screen Press CONFIRM to continue all displayed text will now appear in your chosen language Press REJECT to return to the langua...

Page 98: ...required function Speed limit The maximum speed the pump is capable of running at is 220rpm Select Speed limit from the control settings menu to define a lower maximum speed limit for the pump This sp...

Page 99: ...n be viewed by pressing INFO from your home screen The following screen will be displayed Press RESET to reset the run hours or CANCEL to return to the CONTROL SETTINGS menu 22 4 Configure outputs Sel...

Page 100: ...ELECT to choose which pump status you require for the chosen output The tick symbol indicates the current setting Use the keys and press SELECT to choose the logic state of the chosen output Press SEL...

Page 101: ...the keys and press SELECT to choose which input to configure Use the keys and press SELECT to choose the logic state of the chosen output Press SELECT to program the output or BACK to cancel NOTE On t...

Page 102: ...102 m 530dun gb 01 22 6 Help Select Help from the main menu to access the help screens...

Page 103: ...t split or burst Check that the correct wall thickness tube is being used Check the direction of rotation Check that the rotor is not slipping on the drive shaft If the pump turns on but will not run...

Page 104: ...Er 9 Motor stalled Stop pump immediately Check pumphead and tube Power OFF ON may reset Or seek support Er10 Tacho fault Stop pump immediately Power OFF ON may reset Or seek support Er14 Speed error...

Page 105: ...23 3 Technical support Watson Marlow Fluid Technology Group Falmouth Cornwall TR11 4RU UK Telephone 44 0 1326 370370 Fax 44 0 1326 376009 Email aftersales uk wmftg com www wmftg com m 530dun gb 01 105...

Page 106: ...106 m 530dun gb 01 24 Drive maintenance There are no user serviceable parts inside the pump The unit should be returned to Watson Marlow for service...

Page 107: ...0V 20mm FS0064 Foot MN2507M Module seal MN2516B Module PCB SCADA MNA2066A Module PCB NEMA MNA2069A Module switch cover MN2505M Glands STD GR0056 Glands EMC GR0075 Blanking plugs GR0057 Sealing washer...

Page 108: ...1 26 Pumphead replacement Always isolate the pump from the mains power supply before opening any guard or track or performing any positioning removal or maintenance operation 26 1 Pumphead replacement...

Page 109: ...p from the mains power supply before opening any guard or track or performing any positioning removal or maintenance operation 27 1 Continuous tubing 520R and 520R2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 505L 1 2 3 4 5 6...

Page 110: ...110 m 530dun gb 01 27 2 Tube elements Grey Beige Blue 2 bar 30psi 4 bar 60psi 7 bar 100psi 520REL 520REM and 520REH 1 2 3 4 5 Sanitary connectors 1 2 3 Industrial connectors 1 2 3...

Page 111: ...t exposure to less than one minute risk of attack Halogenated chlorinated solvents Not recommended possible risk to polycarbonate tube clamp adjusters and polypropylene tube clamp locators Alcohols ge...

Page 112: ...tion 1 IP31 N IP66 Pumphead EL 520REL EM 520REM EH 520REH 2L 520R2 10 520R 5L 505L 530 Part Code Configurator Plug options 0 no plug U UK mains plug E EU mains plug A American mains plug K Australia m...

Page 113: ...luorel Neoprene 0 8 1 32 13 920 0008 016 1 6 1 16 14 950 0016 016 970 0016 016 920 0016 016 3 2 1 8 16 950 0032 016 970 0032 016 920 0032 016 4 8 3 16 25 950 0048 016 970 0048 016 920 0048 016 6 4 1 4...

Page 114: ...024 913 A048 024 6 4 1 4 24 902 0064 024 903 0064 024 913 A064 024 8 0 5 16 121 902 0080 024 903 0080 024 913 A080 024 9 6 3 8 122 902 0096 024 903 0096 024 913 A096 024 mm inch Chem Sure Sta Pure 0 8...

Page 115: ...nitary mm inch Bioprene TL Pumpsil Sta Pure Chem Sure 3 2 1 8 16 903 0032 PFT 913 A032 PFT 920 0032 PFT 965 0032 PFT 6 4 1 4 17 903 0064 PFT 913 A064 PFT 920 0064 PFT 965 0064 PFT 9 6 3 8 122 903 0096...

Page 116: ...30dun gb 01 4 7 bar 60 100 psi pressure rated elements Industrial mm inch Marprene TM Sta Pure 3 2 1 8 16 902 H032 PFQ 960 H032 PFQ Sanitary mm inch Bioprene TM Sta Pure 3 2 1 8 16 903 H032 PFT 960 H0...

Page 117: ...l tube MNA2001 520R2 2 4mm wall tube MNA2138A grey 520REL MNA2139A beige 520REM MNA2140A blue 520REH Rotor assembly complete with pumping rollers follower rollers and tube guide rollers 4 MNA2006A 520...

Page 118: ...118 m 530dun gb 01 520R 520R2 520REL 520REM 520REH 8 MNA2144A 520RE Track assembly for cased pumps 9 MN2023T and MN2003T 520RE Drain port and nut Parts may be ordered individually...

Page 119: ...U 530Du 530Di 505LTC Tube clamp set for 505L pumphead 059 4001 000 530Di 505AS Filling stand 059 5001 000 All models 520AL Dispensing lance for use with 520AFN filling needles 059 5052 000 All models...

Page 120: ...120 m 530dun gb 01 Accessory Description Part code Pump compatibility 520AD Leak detector kit 059 8131 000 530UN 530DuN 530DiN...

Page 121: ...urves Flow rates of suction and discharge pressures for the pumphead at different drive speeds This data was produced pumping water at ambient temperature Marprene continuous tubing 1 6mm wall 200rpm...

Page 122: ...122 m 530dun gb 01 Marprene continuous tubing 1 6mm wall 200rpm counter clockwise rotation Marprene continuous tubing 2 4mm wall 200rpm clockwise rotation...

Page 123: ...Marprene continuous tubing 2 4mm wall 200rpm counter clockwise rotation Marprene TL element 0 2 bar 0 30psi 200rpm counter clockwise rotation m 530dun gb 01 123...

Page 124: ...124 m 530dun gb 01 Sta Pure element 0 2 bar 0 30psi 200rpm counter clockwise rotation Marprene TM element 2 4 bar 20 60psi 200rpm counter clockwise rotation...

Page 125: ...Sta Pure element 2 4 bar 30 60psi 200rpm counter clockwise rotation Marprene TH element 4 7 bar 60 100psi 200rpm counter clockwise rotation m 530dun gb 01 125...

Page 126: ...gb 01 30 Trademarks Watson Marlow Bioprene Pumpsil LoadSure and Marprene are trademarks of Watson Marlow Limited Fluorel is a trademark of 3M Sta Pure PCS and Sta Pure PFL are trademarks of W L Gore a...

Page 127: ...ect but Watson Marlow Fluid Technology Group accepts no liability for any errors it contains and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice WARNING This product is not designed for use...

Page 128: ...128 m 530dun gb 01 32 Publication history m 530dun gb 01 530 Du DuN pump First published 12 15...