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set up the generator for continuous operation (refer to
paragraph 3.2.1). The main generator may be trig-

gered internally by the modulation generator or trig-

gered by an external source. If an unmodulated
waveform is being output, the modulation generator is
free. to give the desired triggering frequency and
should be selected as the trigger source. Use any
modulation generator waveform as the trigger. Set the
modulation generator frequency for the desired trig-
ger frequency and sync on the modulation generator
output.

N O T E

1. Trigger frequency must be slower than

the output waveform frequency.

3.2.5

AM Operation

2.

The MOD AMPLITUDE control has no

In amplitude modulation, the instantaneous amplitude

effect in INT TRIG and IN T G ATE modes.

of the output signal varies with the instantaneous
amplitude of the modulation signal.

Rotate the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain a good

trigger. If the waveform start/stop point is to be other
than zero degrees, set the TRIG START/STOP control
as required. (See figure 3-3.) Haverwaves can be set
up using start/stop control and dc offset control.

-90°

HAVERSINES

Figure

3- 3.

Waveform Start/Stop Examples

If external triggering is to be used, connect a repeti-

tive signal with a positive going transition of greater
than one volt to EXT TRIG IN using a 

cable. Adjust

the TRIGGER LEVEL control for proper triggering.

3.2. 3

Gated Operation

In gated operation there is a “burst” of waveforms
lasting the duration of the gate pulse plus the time re-

quired to complete the last cycle of waveform started.
Set up as for triggered operation (refer to paragraph 3.2.2)
and select a “trigger” signal whose duty time gives
the desired waveform burst.

3.2.4

Manual Triggering and Gating

The TRIGGER LEVEL control

can also be used

for

manually triggering or gating the generator. For
manually triggering (single cycles), the generator
mode should be EXT TRIG with no external signal in-
put at the EXT TRIG IN connector. Each time TRIG-
GER LEVEL is rotated cw through mid-position, one
triggered cycle will be generated. In EXT GATE mode,
the generator runs continuously as long as the TRIG-
GER LEVEL is CW of mid-position.

N O T E

The output waveform will be clipped(OVER-

LOAD LED will light) if any instantaneous
a m p l i t u d e   g r e a t e r   t h a

n   1 5   v o l t s

(  7.5 volts into

 is produced.

Set up the generator as for continuous operation
(refer to paragraph 3.2.1). Switch to internal or exter-
nal amplitude modulation. If internal, note that the car-

rier (main generator waveform) mean amplitude is

decreased to half. This is to prevent clipping (over-
driving the output amplifier) when the carrier ampli-
tude is modulated (increased and decreased) by
another signal. Set the modulation generator fre-
quency to a lower frequency than the main generator
and sync the scope to the modulation generator output.
Set the modulator amplitude for a desired percentage
of amplitude modulation (0 to greater than 1 0 0 % range)
and set the main generator ATTENUATION and
AMPLITUDE controls for a desired amplitude of
modulated waveform.

If external modulation is

selected, observe that the carrier (main generator
waveform) amplitude drops to zero (null). This is for
suppressed carrier mode of amplitude modulation.
Connect the modulator OUT

 to the EXT MOD

IN with a coaxial cable. Set the main generator

ATTENUATION and AMPLITUDE controls

for

a desired

amplitude of suppressed carrier waveform. For best

results when using an external modulation signal at
EXT MOD IN, maintain as near as convenient

a

5 Vp

amplitude (which does not exceed 5 VP); then use the
main generator ATTENUATION and AMPLITUDE con-
trols. An external source may also be used for regular

AM operation, rather than suppressed carrier opera-
tion, by supplying a dc component along with the ac

3-4

Summary of Contents for 148A

Page 1: ...NS INFORMATION PRO PRIETARY TO WAVETEK AND IS SOLELY FOR IN STRUMENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE DUPLICATED IN ANY MANNER WITHOUT THE PRIOR APPROVAL IN WRITIN...

Page 2: ...r is quiescent until trig gered by an external signal then generates one cycle at the selected frequency External Gate Same as external trigger except gen erator oscillates at the selected frequency f...

Page 3: ...m Inoperative at frequency multiplier settings below 100 Input frequencies roll off at 6 dB octave above one half of full range frequency and above 150 kHz Input impedance is IO 1 2 1 4 Frequency Rang...

Page 4: ...1 2 2 2 Frequency Range 0 1 Hz to 100 kHz in three 100 1 ranges Sweep 0 2 Hz to 200 kHz 2 x setting and are fixed level 10V p p balanced about ground M and M are fixed level 5 Vp from 0 to 5V 1 2 2 4...

Page 5: ...is quiescent until a proper gate signal is applied at the EXTTRIG IN BNC 13 and then outputs the selected signal for the duration of the gate signal plus the time to complete the last cycle generated...

Page 6: ...red One cycle of waveform for each trigger signal C Gated A burst of waveforms for the dura tion of each gate signal d AM The instantaneous amplitude of the out put signal varies with the instantaneou...

Page 7: ...r gating the generator For manually triggering single cycles the generator mode should be EXT TRIG with no external signal in put at the EXT TRIG IN connector Each time TRIG GER LEVEL is rotated cw th...

Page 8: ...ing decreases and the angle subtended in the nomograph decreases If the MOD AMPLITUDE control is rotated toward MAX the angle subtended would overshoot the OUTPUT FREQUENCY FACTOR range indicating tha...

Page 9: ...red One cycle of waveform for each trigger signal C Gated A burst of waveforms for the dura tion of each gate signal d AM The instantaneous amplitude of the out put signal varies with the instantaneou...

Page 10: ...r gating the generator For manually triggering single cycles the generator mode should be EXT TRIG with no external signal in put at the EXT TRIG IN connector Each time TRIG GER LEVEL is rotated cw th...

Page 11: ...ing decreases and the angle subtended in the nomograph decreases If the MOD AMPLITUDE control is rotated toward MAX the angle subtended would overshoot the OUTPUT FREQUENCY FACTOR range indicating tha...

Page 12: ...per Limit 2 0 x FREQ MULT Lower Limit 0 001 X Upper Limit Nominally the phase of the main generator is shifted ten degrees for each volt of instantaneous modulation signal When the main generator is s...

Page 13: ...and the hysteresis switch goes to 2V This switches currents at the diode gate and the negative going triangle slope is started When the triangle reaches the 1 25V limit the hysteresis switch will swit...

Page 14: ...con tinuous independent of generator mode While the integrating capacitor is being held from charging the start stop diode must sink the current source which has a magnitude variable with VCG in puts...

Page 15: ...across series resistors to the supplies equal to the control voltages The FET currents will be switched at the diode gate into a timing capacitor to produce the triangle waveform 4 2 2 Symmetry Contr...

Page 16: ...R 9 VERNIER I R 2 1 R SYMMETRY R R 2 OM R 9 Figure 4 3 VCG Simplified Schematic...

Page 17: ...th output impedance low enough to drive the hyster esis switch and the triangle buffer In series with Q8 is a matched duplicate FET Q9 Q9 has the identical drain current as Q8 and therefore the same g...

Page 18: ...circuit In the positive pulse mode the square wave rather than the triangle wave is fed to the circuit and the 15 volt power is switched off As a result the negative swing of the input square wave is...

Page 19: ...ter current The result is that the voltage at point B I N P U T U 19 Q37 Q38 r which is the output voltage will start to go negative Finally when the output has moved far enough negative to pull point...

Page 20: ...ve than the trigger level is 4 8 clipped by forward biasing CR1 the negative portion is clipped by CR2 While CR1 is on Q1 conducts and Q3 switches off to a TTL low level While CR2 is on Q1 is off and...

Page 21: ...erefore R64 will have the same voltage across it as the drop across CR2 The current leaving Q7 enters the trigger amplifier summing node and becomes a voltage offset equal to the drop across CR2 becau...

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