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29

MIDI Data Format

(3-2-2) RESET ALL CONTROLLERS (CONTROL NUMBER = 79H , DATA VALUE = 0) 

Resets the values set for the following controllers.

Multi Mode

Performance Mode(Other than part5...16)

PITCH BEND CHANGE

0 (Center)

AFTER TOUCH

0 (Minimum)

POLYPHONIC AFTER

0 (Minimum)

MODULATION

0 (Minimum)

EXPRESSION

127 (Maximum)

SUSTAIN SWITCH 

0 (Off)

SOSTENUTO SWITCH

0 (Off)

SOFT PEDAL

0 (Off)

NRPN

Not assigned; no change

RPN

Not assigned; no change

PORTAMENTO CONTROL

Reset

PORTAMENTO SWITCH

0 (Off)

1 (On)

FOOT CONTROLLER

Not reset

0 (Minimum)

VOLUME

Not reset

127 (Maximum)

PAN

Not reset

64(No effect)

REVERB DEPTH

Not reset

64(No effect)

CHORUS DEPTH

Not reset

64(No effect)

VARIATION DEPTH

Not reset

64(No effect)

VIBRATO SPEED(NRPN)

Not reset

64(No effect)

VIBRATO DEPTH(NRPN)

Not reset

64(No effect)

VIBRATO DELAY(NRPN)

Not reset

64(No effect)

AEG DECAY TIME(NRPN) Not reset

64(No effect)

(3-2-3) ALL NOTES OFF (CONTROL NUMBER = 7BH , DATA VALUE = 0)

All the notes currently set to on in a certain channel are muted when receiving this
message. However, if Hold 1 or Sostenute is on, notes will continue sounding until these are
turned off. 

(3-2-4) OMNI MODE OFF (CONTROL NUMBER = 7CH , DATA VALUE = 0)

Performs the same function as when receiving ALL NOTES OFF.

(3-2-5) OMNI MODE ON (CONTROL NUMBER = 7DH , DATA VALUE = 0)

Performs the same function as when receiving ALL NOTES OFF. 

(3-2-6) MONO (CONTROL NUMBER = 7EH , DATA VALUE = 0)

Performs the same function as when receiving ALL SOUNDS OFF.
If the 3rd byte (mono) is within 0 through 16,  the channel will be Mode4(m = 1).

(3-2-7) POLY (CONTROL NUMBER = 7FH , DATA VALUE = 0)

Performs the same function as when receiving ALL SOUNDS OFF. The channel will be Mode3.

(3-3) REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER

STATUS

1011nnnn(BnH)

n = 0 ~ 15 VOICE CHANNEL NUMBER

LSB

01100100(64H) 

RPN LSB

0ppppppp

p = RPN LSB(see chart below)

MSB

01100101(65H) 

RPN MSB

0qqqqqqq

q = RPN MSB(see chart below)

DATA ENTRY MSB

00000110(06H)

DATA VALUE

0mmmmmmm

m = Data Value 

DATA ENTRY LSB

00100110(26H)

DATA VALUE

0lllllll

l = Data Value

First, designate the parameter using RPN MSB/LSB numbers.
Then, set its value with data entry MSB/LSB.

RPN      D.ENTRY
LSB MSB  MSB LSB  PARAMETER NAME

DATA RANGE 

00H 00H  mmH ---  PITCH BEND SENSITIVITY

00H - 18H (0 - 24 semitones)

01H 00H  mmH llH  MASTER FINE TUNE

{mmH,llH} = {00H,00H} - {40H,00H} - {7FH,7FH}

(-8192*100/8192) - 0 - (+8192*100/8192)

02H 00H  mmH ---  MASTER COARSE TUNE

28H - 40H - 58H (-24 - 0 - +24 semitones)

7FH 7FH  --- ---  RPN RESET

Cancels RPN numbers. The internal value is
not affected.

(3-4) NON-REGISTERED PARAMETER NUMBER

STATUS

1011nnnn(BnH)

n = 0 ~ 15 VOICE CHANNEL NUMBER

LSB

01100010(62H) 

RPN LSB

0ppppppp

p = NRPN LSB(see chart below)

MSB

01100011(63H) 

RPN MSB

0qqqqqqq

q = NRPN MSB(see chart below)

DATA ENTRY MSB

00000110(06H)

DATA VALUE

0mmmmmmm

m = Data Value 

First, designate the parameter using NRPN MSB/LSB numbers. Then, set its value with data
entry MSB/LSB.

NRPN     D.ENTRY
MSB LSB  MSB LSB  PARAMETER NAME

DATA RANGE 

01H 08H  mmH ---  VIBRATO RATE

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 09H  mmH ---  VIBRATO DEPTH

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 0AH  mmH ---  VIBRATO DELAY

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 20H  mmH ---  FILTER CUTOFF FREQUENCY

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 21H  mmH ---  FILTER RESONANCE

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 24H  mmH ---  HPF CUTOFF FREQ

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 30H  mmH ---  EQ BASS GAIN

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 31H  mmH ---  EQ TREBLE GAIN

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 34H  mmH ---  EQ BASS FREQ

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 35H  mmH ---  EQ TREBLE FREQ

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 63H  mmH ---  EG ATTACK TIME

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 64H  mmH ---  EG DECAY TIME

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

01H 66H  mmH ---  EG RELEASE TIME

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

14H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST FILTER CUTOFF FREQ. 00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)
15H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST FILTER RESONANCE

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

16H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST AEG ATTACK RATE

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

17H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST AEG DECAY RATE

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

18H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST PITCH COARSE

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

19H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST PITCH FINE 

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

1AH rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST LEVEL

00H - 7FH (0 - Maximum)

1CH rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST PANPOT

00H    ,01H  - 40H    - 7FH 
(random,left - center - right)

1DH rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST REVERB SEND LEVEL 00H - 7FH (0 - Maximum)
1EH rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST CHORUS SEND LEVEL 00H - 7FH (0 - Maximum)
1FH rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST VARIATION SEND LEVEL 00H - 7FH (0 - Maximum)
24H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST HPF CUTOFF FREQ 

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

30H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST EQ BASS GAIN 

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

31H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST EQ TREBLE GAIN 

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

34H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST EQ BASS FREQ 

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

35H rrH  mmH ---  DRUM INST EQ TREBLE FREQ 

00H - 40H - 7FH (-64 - 0 - +63)

MSB 14H-1FH(for drum voices) are effective only when the channel is assigned to the drum
voice.
rrH : drum instrument note number

(3-5) SYSTEM REAL TIME MESSAGES

(3-5-1) ACTIVE SENSING

STATUS

11111110 (FEH)

Transmitted at every 175 msec.

Once this code is received, the CS1x starts sensing. When no status nor data is received for
over approximately 350 ms, MIDI receiving buffer will be cleared, and the sounds currently
played and the sustain switch are forcibly turned off. In this case, each control data will
be reset to a certain value.

(3-5-2) TIMING CLOCK (Receive only)

STATUS

11111000 (F8H)

Selects whether the tempo clock of the Arpeggiator is controlled by internal clock or the
timing clock of an external device via MIDI.

(3-6) SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE MESSAGE

(3-6-1) UNIVERSAL NON REALTIME MESSAGE 

(3-6-1-1) GENERAL MIDI MODE ON

F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 01H F7H

The following controller values will be reset.

VOLUME

100

PAN

Center

PROGRAM CHANGE 

1 (Grandpno)

BANK SELECT MSB

0

REVERB DEPTH

4

PITCH BEND CHANGE

0 (Center)

MODULATION

0 (Off)

EXPRESSION

127 (Maximum)

SUSTAIN SWITCH

0 (Off) 

SOSTENUTO SWITCH

0 (Off) 

RPN

Not assigned

PORTAMENTO CONTROL

Reset

MIDI MASTER VOLUME

127 (Maximum)

PITCH BEND SENSITIBITY

02 (2semitones)

FINE TUNING

0

COURSE TUNING

0

(3-6-1-2) IDENTITY REQUEST(Receive only)

F0H 7EH 0nH 06H 01H F7H (n = Device No. However, the CS1x can receive without the device
Number setting)

(3-6-1-3) IDENTITY REPLY (Transmit only)

F0H 7EH 7FH 06H 02H 43H 00H 41H ddH ddH 00H 00H 00H vvH F7H
dd;Device Number Code

CS2x:4F 03

vv;TG Support Level

CS2x:01(XG)

(3-6-2) UNIVERSAL REALTIME MESSAGE 

(3-6-2-1) MIDI MASTER VOLUME

F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 01H llH mmH F7H 

Sets the MASTER VOLUME value.
The value "mm" is used to set the master volume (the value "ll" will be ignored).

(3-6-3) PARAMETER CHANGE

(3-6-3-1) MIDI MASTER TUNING

F0H 43H 1nH 27H 30H 00H 00H mmH llH ccH F7H 

Sets the MASTER TUNING value.
The values "mm" and "ll" are used to set the master tuning (the values "n" and "cc" will be
ignored).

T = M*200/256-100

"T " indicates the actual tuning value.(-99 - +99)
"M" is the one byte value consisting of MSB, 0 - 3 bits of "mm", and LSB, 0 - 3 bits of
"ll".

(3-6-3-2) XG SYSTEM ON

11110000

F0

Exclusive status

01000011

43

YAMAHA ID

0001nnnn

1n

device Number

01001100

4C

Model ID

0aaaaaaa

00

Address High

0aaaaaaa

00

Address Mid

0aaaaaaa

7E

Address Low

00000000

00

Data

11110111

F7

End of Exclusive

When receiving this message, the internal tone generator will be reset to XG SYSTEM ON.
Since approximately 50ms is required to execute this message, be sure to leave an
appropriate interval before the subsequent message.All the parameters will be initialized and
reset to each default values. 

(3-6-3-3) XG PARMETER CHANGE

11110000

F0

Exclusive status

01000011

43

YAMAHA ID

0001nnnn

1n

device Number

01001100

4C

Model ID

0aaaaaaa

aaaaaaa

Address High

0aaaaaaa

aaaaaaa 

Address Mid

0aaaaaaa

aaaaaaa

Address Low

0ddddddd

ddddddd

Data

|    

11110111  

F7

End of Exclusive

For parameters with data size of 2 or 4, transmit the appropriate number of data bytes.
See MIDI Data Table for Address and Byte Count.

The following four types of data are transmitted/received (Transmitted only when receiving
parameter change request).

XG System Data
Multi Effect Data(ignored in Performance Mode)
Multi Part Data(ignored with Part 1 - 4 in Performance Mode)
Drums Setup Data

(3-6-3-4) CS2x NATIVE PARMETER CHANGE

11110000

F0

Exclusive status

01000011

43

YAMAHA ID

0001nnnn

1n

device Number

01001011

63

Model ID

0aaaaaaa

aaaaaaa

Address High

0aaaaaaa

aaaaaaa

Address Mid

0aaaaaaa

aaaaaaa

Address Low

0ddddddd

ddddddd

Data

|    

11110111

F7

End of Exclusive

For parameters with data size of 2 or 4, transmit the appropriate number of data bytes.
See MIDI Data Table for Address and Byte Count.

The following two types of data are received.

CS2x System Data
Current Performance Data (ignored in Multi Mode)

DL_Multi.qx  2/2/99  7:46 PM  Page 29

Summary of Contents for CS2x

Page 1: ......

Page 2: ...1 Ld Astral 4 Off Hall2 Flanger3 Echo PortaTime Cutoff Volume NoteShift Cutoff 32 Ld SharpLd 3 Off Hall1 Chorus4 Delay L R Pan PEGAtkTime PEGAtkTime PEGAtkTime off 33 Ld VanDriva 1 Off WhiteRoom Choru...

Page 3: ...r2 Rotary SP ChorusSend Detune Volume ChorusSend NoteShift 95 Pd Pan 4 Off Stage2 Flanger3 Auto Pan ChorusSend Volume Volume Volume Volume 96 Pd Athens 3 Off Plate Ens Detune Plate ChorusSend Volume V...

Page 4: ...off 31 St ObieStr 3 Off Hall2 Chorus4 2Band EQ ChorusSend Volume Volume Volume off 32 St Jupiters 4 Off Hall1 Chorus1 2Band EQ ChorusSend LFOPMod LFOPMod LFOPMod LFOPMod 33 St Simple 2 Off Hall1 Choru...

Page 5: ...off off 96 Sq SuperArp 4 On Hall1 Chorus1 Delay LCR AEGDcyTime ChorusSend ChorusSend ChorusSend ChorusSend 97 Sq Hard On 4 On Hall1 Chorus1 Auto Wah AEGDcyTime Volume Volume Volume Volume 98 Sq Kirme...

Page 6: ...12 E Bank 14 E Bank 16 E Bank 17 E Bank 18 E Bank 19 E Bank 20 E Bank 24 E Bank 25 E Bank 26 E Bank 27 E Instrument Group pgm 1 128 Piano 1 GrandPno 1 GrndPnoK 1 MelloGrP 1 2 BritePno 1 BritPnoK 1 3 E...

Page 7: ...TnrSax 2 1 68 69 70 71 72 Pipe 73 74 75 76 PanFlut2 1 77 78 79 80 Synth Lead 81 2 Osc 2 Mellow 2 SoloSine 2 82 DoublSaw 2 Toy Lead 2 Dim Saw 2 PulseSaw 2 Dr Lead 2 VeloLead 2 Digger 1 83 Vent Syn 2 P...

Page 8: ...StdiumO2 2 GospelOr 1 ClkGsplO 2 ChapelOr 2 17 Fl KClik 1 18 ClikOrgn 2 18 19 FstRotar 2 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 Guitar 25 Ukulele 1 25 26 Mandolin 2 26 27 PdlSteel 1 27 28 MidTGtSt 1 NasalGt...

Page 9: ...7 Applause 1 Laugh 1 Scream 1 Punch 1 Heart 1 Footstep 1 128 Gunshot 1 MchinGun 2 LaserGun 2 Xplosion 2 Bank Bank 0 E Bank 1 E Bank 2 E Bank 3 E Bank 4 E Bank 5 E Bank 6 E Bank 7 E Bank 8 E Bank 9 E B...

Page 10: ...ano3 2 a piano3 1 4 A Piano4 2 e piano1 1 5 60sEl P1 1 HardEl P 2 MelloEP1 2 El Pno1K 1 A Piano5 1 e piano2 1 6 DX Hard 2 El Pno2K 1 A Piano6 1 e piano3 1 7 Harpsi 2 2 A Piano7 1 e piano4 1 8 E Piano1...

Page 11: ...Odysey C Sc Odysey D Pd ResoCt A St Arco A St Arco B St Arco C St Arco D 31 Sc Doves A Sc Glassy A Sc Glassy B Sc Glassy C Br Behind A Br Behind B 32 Fx Airy A Fx Airy B Fx Airy C Fx Airy D Sc Synchrd...

Page 12: ...nze B Galaxy A Galaxy B Arpstc A Arpstc B Arpstc C Arpstc D 110 Xpandr A Xpandr B Triger A Feelme A Feelme B Feelme C Feelme D 111 HansUp A HansUp B HansUp C HansUp D Reslve A Reslve B C Quor A 112 Pr...

Page 13: ...B Ld TekuitrC St SlStrgsA St SlStrgsB 28 Ld Goa A Ld Goa B Ld Goa C Ld Goa D St Drama A St Drama B St Drama C 29 Ld Noiz RzA Ld Noiz RzB St DarkStrA St DarkStrB St DarkStrC 30 Ld VoclGymA Ld VoclGymB...

Page 14: ...Pd TherminC Sq Engels A Sq Engels B 95 Pd Pan A Pd Pan B Pd Pan C Pd Pan D Sq N Y 99A Sq N Y 99B 96 Pd Athens A Pd Athens B Pd Athens C Sq SuprArpA Sq SuprArpB Sq SuprArpC Sq SuprArpD 97 Pd AbandonA P...

Page 15: ...C 5 Bell Tree 86 D 5 Bell Tree 87 D 5 Bell Tree 88 E 5 Bell Tree 89 F 5 Bell Tree 90 F 5 Bell Tree 91 G 5 Bell Tree 92 G 5 Bell Tree 93 A 5 Bell Tree 94 A 5 Bell Tree 95 B 5 Bell Tree 96 C 6 Bell Tre...

Page 16: ...Chop1 61 C 3 BD HipPop2 Ohh2 091Chop2 095Chop2 096Chop2 102Chop2 103Chop2 107Chop2 62 D 3 BD ana4 Ohh2 091Chop3 095Chop3 096Chop3 102Chop3 103Chop3 107Chop3 63 D 3 BD ana4 Ohh2 091Chop4 095Chop4 096Ch...

Page 17: ...D 4 76 E 4 77 F 4 78 F 4 79 G 4 80 G 4 81 A 4 82 A 4 83 B 4 84 C 5 85 C 5 86 D 5 87 D 5 88 E 5 89 F 5 90 F 5 91 G 5 92 G 5 93 A 5 94 A 5 95 B 5 96 C 6 Same as the ones assigned to the lowest highest...

Page 18: ...s B 1 76 E 4 Wood Block H 1 Wood Block H B 1 77 F 4 Wood Block L 1 Wood Block L B 1 78 F 4 Cuica Mute 1 Cuica Mute V 1 Cuica Mute B 1 79 G 4 Cuica Open 1 Cuica Open V 1 Cuica Open B 1 80 G 4 2 Triangl...

Page 19: ...sed 2 Sloft 1 43 G 1 TomAnalog 2 1 TomAnalog 2 1 Floor T om H Short 1 Floor T om H Short 1 Tom Jazz 2 1 44 G 1 1 Hi Hat Closed Analog 2 1 Hi Hat Closed Analog 2 1 Hi Hat Pedal 2 H 1 Hi Hat Pedal 2 Sof...

Page 20: ...3 2 Samba Whistle H TG 1 72 C 4 2 Samba Whistle L TG 1 73 C 4 3 Guiro Short TG 1 74 D 4 3 Guiro Long TG 1 75 D 4 Claves 1 Claves 2 1 76 E 4 Wood Block H 1 77 F 4 Wood Block L 1 78 F 4 4 Cuica Mute TG...

Page 21: ...ied level Can also add a sense of attack to the sound Gates the input when the input signal falls below a specified level Attenuates the vocal part of a recording on CD etc Bypass without applying an...

Page 22: ...tion block Parameter Display Value Control See Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 LFO Frequency LFO Depth EQ Low Frequency EQ Low Gain EQ High Frequency EQ High Gain Dry Wet EQ Mid Frequency...

Page 23: ...15 16 Rotor Speed Drive Low Drive High Low High EQ Low Frequency EQ Low Gain EQ High Frequency EQ High Gain Crossover Frequency Mic L R Angle 0 0Hz 39 7Hz 0 127 0 127 L63 H L H L H63 32Hz 2 0kHz 12 12...

Page 24: ...127 0 127 1 0 12 0 32Hz 2 0kHz 12 12dB 500Hz 16 0kHz 12 12dB D63 W D W D W63 0 127 12 12dB 12 12dB 1 0kHz thru 0 127 0 127 0 127 0 127 10 120 4 40 52 76 28 58 52 76 1 127 0 127 52 76 52 76 34 60 0 12...

Page 25: ...2 15 52 2 19 53 2 23 54 2 27 55 2 31 56 2 36 57 2 40 58 2 44 59 2 48 60 2 52 61 2 57 62 2 61 63 2 65 64 2 69 65 2 78 66 2 86 67 2 94 68 3 03 69 3 11 70 3 20 71 3 28 72 3 37 73 3 45 74 3 53 75 3 62 76...

Page 26: ...200 0ms Table 5 Data Value 0 0 1 1 1 7 2 3 2 3 4 8 4 6 4 5 8 0 6 9 5 7 11 1 8 12 7 9 14 3 10 15 8 11 17 4 12 19 0 13 20 6 14 22 1 15 23 7 16 25 3 17 26 9 18 28 4 19 30 0 20 31 6 21 33 2 22 34 7 23 36...

Page 27: ...YSTEM EXCLUSIV MESSAGE BULK DUMP XG SYSTEM F0H 43H 0nH 4CH bbH bbH aaH aaH aaH ddH ddH ccH F7H SW3 MULTI EFFECT F0H 43H 0nH 4CH bbH bbH aaH aaH aaH ddH ddH ccH F7H SW5 MULTI PART F0H 43H 0nH 4CH bbH b...

Page 28: ...H VALUE 3 1 6 PITCH BEND CHANGE STATUS 1110nnnn EnH n 0 15 VOICE CHANNEL NUMBER LSB 0vvvvvvv PITCH BEND CHANGE LSB MSB 0vvvvvvv PITCH BEND CHANGE MSB Transmitted with a resolution of 7 bits 3 1 7 CONT...

Page 29: ...SEND LEVEL 00H 7FH 0 Maximum 1FH rrH mmH DRUM INST VARIATION SEND LEVEL 00H 7FH 0 Maximum 24H rrH mmH DRUM INST HPF CUTOFF FREQ 00H 40H 7FH 64 0 63 30H rrH mmH DRUM INST EQ BASS GAIN 00H 40H 7FH 64 0...

Page 30: ...aa Address Mid 0aaaaaaa aaaaaaa Address Low 11110111 F7 End of Exclusive See MIDI Data Table for Address and Byte Count The following five types of data are received System Data Multi Effect Data each...

Page 31: ...63 63 40 TOTAL SIZE 21 02 01 70 1 00 7F Vari Parameter 11 option Parameter depends on vari type 71 1 00 7F Vari Parameter 12 72 1 00 7F Vari Parameter 13 73 1 00 7F Vari Parameter 14 74 1 00 7F Vari P...

Page 32: ...n the LCD while type selection REVERB TYPE TYPE MSB TYPE LSB DEC HEX 00 01 02 000 0 00 No Effect 001 1 01 Rev Hall1 02 Rev Hall2 002 2 03 Rev Room1 04 Rev Room2 05 Rev Room3 003 3 06 Rev Stage1 07 Rev...

Page 33: ...IDI Data Table 2 4 MIDI Parameter Change table Current Performance Layer Address Size Data Prameter Name Description Default H H H value H 60 0L 00 1 00 7F Voice Bank Number MSB 0 127 00 01 1 00 7F Vo...

Page 34: ...27 00 0e 1 00 7F Reverb Send 0 127 28 40 0f 1 00 7F Variation Send off 0 on 1 127 7F on 10 1 00 02 LFO Key Sync FreeRun 0 retrigger 1 2 2 11 1 00 7F Filter Cutoff Freq 64 63 40 0 12 1 01 7F Filter Res...

Page 35: ...0 0 127 1 receive if filter switch is off 2 m is always treated as 1 regardless of its value 3 transmit receive if exclusive switch is on 3 0 127 Mode 1 OMNI ON POLY Mode 2 OMNI ON MONO Mode 3 OMNI OF...

Page 36: ...V300700 0106MWAP12 2 01B0 M D G EMI Division Yamaha Corporation 1998 DL_Multi qx 2 2 99 7 46 PM Page 36...

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