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Load In the DX7, "Load" describes the process of trans-

ferring the 32 voices from one bank of a ROM cartridge,
or from a RAM cartridge, into the 32 internal memories.
MIDI This is an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital
Interface, a specification which several manufacturers

have already agreed to use for designing equipment
which is compatible. MIDI is a non-proprietary "lan-

guage" which allows different (or identical) synthesizers
to "talk" to each other. MIDI-compatible instruments
made by any one manufacturer should generally be

capable of causing other manufacturers' MIDI-compati-

ble instruments to play, and to switch from one voice to
the next. Computer or sequencer control of multiple
synthesizers will be possible using MIDI. Within a single

manufacturer's product line, such as the Yamaha DX

series, MIDI can permit extensive programming of one

instrument through the controls of another by com-
municating so-called "system exclusive" information;

when dissimilar synthesizers are fed this type of infor-

mation, they simply ignore it.
Modulation This is the process of varying one signal

with another. See "Frequency Modulation."
Modulation Index This refers to the ratio between the
output level of a modulator and the level of the carrier
which it is modulating. The greater the modulation
index, the more harmonics are produced (the wider the

bandwidth of the FM-generated complex tone). When
you turn up the level of a modulator, you increase the
modulation index.
Modulator In general terms, this is the circuit which

allows one signal to modulate another. In the DX syn-
thesizers, a modulator is an operator which sends its

signal to another operator (either another modulator or a
carrier) rather than directly to the output. The only thing
that differentiates a modulator from a carrier is its posi-

tion within the algorithm; carriers are on the bottom

row of the stack(s) and modulators are above them.

OP This is an abbreviation; see "operator."
Operator This is a functional block within the circuitry

of the DX synthesizer. An operator can be thought of as

an oscillator, but it is somewhat more complex. It is
actually a digital sine wave oscillator which includes a
digital envelope generator. The frequency and output

level of an operator are adjustable. Operators actually

have multiple inputs so that they can be fed signals from
more than one source (i.e., an operator serving as a
carrier may accept signals from two or three modula-
tors). The DX7 has 6 operators, all identical.

Parameter In general terms, a parameter is any defin-

able characteristic of a device or system. In the DX syn-

thesizers, "performance parameters" refer to those

characteristics of the instrument that, when adjusted

from the FUNCTION mode, affect the overall keyboard
— or at least affect more than a single voice. For exam-

ple, adjusting the keyboard's pressure sensitivity (After

Touch) is considered to be a "performance parameter"

because it affects any voice which is programmed to be
modulation sensitive. "Editing parameters" refer to those

characteristics that can be programmed for an individual

voice when the instrument is in the EDIT mode (such as
the choice of an algorithm).
PLAY mode In the DX7, this is the operating mode

from which you can select and play voices stored in a

cartridge or an internal memory. You select PLAY mode
by pressing either [MEMORY SELECT-INTERNAL]
OR [MEMORY SELECT-CARTRIDGE].
PMD This is an abbreviation for "Pitch Modulation

Depth." Higher PMD values apply more LFO modulation

toward changing the pitch of a voice when you play a
note, provided the [MODULATION SENSITIVITY-

PITCH] setting is greater than zero.

Preset A preset is a voice which can be played without
having to be programmed. Some synthesizers force the

player to program any voice which is to be played.
Other instruments have only factory presets — basically
fixed, unalterable voices. Still other synthesizers offer a
combination of programmable and preset voices. The
DX synthesizers go a step further. They offer complete
programmability plus presets (in the form of internal and

cartridge memories on the DX7), but the presets are,

themselves, completely programmable. Because the DX

preset voices can be edited, a better term might be "pri-

mary voices." Yamaha uses the term "preset" only

because it is familiar to synthesists, and the DX series

require enough new terminology without coining

another new term.
RAM This is an acronym for "Random Access Memory"
In computers, RAM is the "main memory" the solid state

area where programs are stored while they are active,
and where data is temporarily stored until it is trans-
ferred to secondary storage such as a floppy disk, hard
disk, magnetic bubble memory or magnetic tape. Such

computer RAM memories are ususally categorized in
terms of how many bytes of 8 bits each they can store; a

1K RAM holds about 1,000 bytes (actually 1K is 1,024

bytes). In the DX synthesizers, RAM does not refer to the

internal memory (although that is, in fact, a RAM mem-

ory). Instead, the term refers to an electronic secondary

memory — the EEPROM cartridge — and its size is

defined not in bytes, but in voices. The RAM cartridges

each hold 32 voices. The RAM cartridges are truly ran-
dom access memories since each voice can be written to

or read from the cartridge independently of the others,

or all 32 voices may be moved at once. However, the

DX7 RAM cartridges differ from conventional RAM in
that the cartridges retain their memory after power is

turned off, without the use of backup batteries.

Release In a synthesizer, this is the time it takes for the
note to die away after you let go of the key In the DX7,

rate 4 of the envelope is equivalent to the release rate;

the release time will depend on the level at the moment

the key is released, since, for a given rate. the time is
greater if the level is greater.
ROM This is an acronym for "Read Only Memory." In

computers, ROM is generally provided for storage of

small to medium sized, often-used programs such as
self-test routines, BASIC language, input/output drivers,
and so forth. ROM is generally provided on 1C chips that
cannot be altered. In the DX7, the factory "preset" voices
are stored in ROM chips inside the ROM cartridges.

Each of these cartridges holds 64 voices. Simple ROM
chips can only be programmed at the time of manufac-

ture, like those in the DX7 voice ROM cartridges. Semi-

ROM chips can be programmed after their manufacture

by using special equipment; these are known as PROMS
(Programmable Read Only Memories). Some PROMs

can also be erased (usually by exposure to ultra- violet

light) and can then be reprogrammed; these are known

as EPROMs (Eraseable Programmable Read Only Memo-
ries). Finally, some EPROMs are electrically eraseable so

that they can be reprogrammed easily without special
equipment; these are called EEPROMs (Electrically

Eraseable Progrmmable Read Only Memory) — and

Yamaha calls them RAM in the DX7, although they

differ from conventional RAM (see RAM definition).

EEPROMs may also be called EAROMs (Electrically

Alterable Read Only Memories).
Sample and hold This is a random "waveform." It
jumps from one level to another in a non-periodic fash-

ion, unlike the regular, uniform changes in level asso-

ciated with sine, sawtooth, square or triangle waves. In

the DX synthesizers, a sample and hold signal may be
selected for use in the LFO section.

61

Summary of Contents for Vintage DX7 Special Edition ROM

Page 1: ...YAMAHA AUTHORIZED PRODUCT MANUAL DX7 DIGITALPROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHMSYNTHESIZER...

Page 2: ...YAMAHA DigitalProgrammable Algorithm Synthesizer OPERATION MANUAL...

Page 3: ...oth and dry with a soft cloth Never use solvents such as benzine or thin ner since they can melt or discolor the instrument Electrical Storms Lightning Computer circuitry including that in the DX7 is...

Page 4: ...u program them with the preci sion and repeatability of digital control you ll be able to create voices that are a giant step beyond the capability of former synthesizers Pure sounds Richly textured s...

Page 5: ......

Page 6: ...ument does indeed appear to be the source of the interference one or more of the following corrective measures should be tried 1 Relocate either the instrument or the electronic device that is being a...

Page 7: ...ALGORITHMSELECT KEYBOARD RATE SCALING and LEVEL SCALING 38 LFO Modulation The relationship between the LFO settingsandthe MODSENSITIVITY settings and how to program these 40 Programming the remaining...

Page 8: ...ks like this OPERATOR ON OFF 1 The same button used in context b is described like this EG COPY 1 When the DX7 is in the FUNCTION mode rather than the EDIT mode the brown label below it applies instea...

Page 9: ...tors These jacks include the line level output from the DX7 to an amplifier foot control jacks and MIDI interface connections Refer to the Setup and MIDI sections of this manual for details Volume and...

Page 10: ...of these buttons prepares the DX7 to PLAY any of the voices that are stored in the 32 INTER NAL memories or in 32 memories of whatever CAR TRIDGEisinstalled Oncethe INTERNAL or CARTRIDGE source is des...

Page 11: ...en it is used to change the amplitude of a carrier tremolo may result changing the amplitude of a modulator can create wah wah WAVE This lets you set the LFO waveform to any of the following triangle...

Page 12: ...rammable with each button and the range of adjustment is from the minimum of 0 to a maximum of 99 100 steps RATE Pressing this button 4 successive times gives you access to programming the 4 rates in...

Page 13: ...ally refer to frequency excursions The Pitch EG can be used for automatic pitch bending effects including the slight pitch changes that occur with plucked strings However the 8 octave range of this fe...

Page 14: ...nal note or chord GLISSANDO When the Glissando feature is turned ON the glide in pitch occurs in discrete steps This effect is best heard with a slower rate and when two widely sepa rated notes are pl...

Page 15: ...settings NOTE ifthe Amplitude or EG Bias is turned On with a low Range setting certain voices may be inaudible or nearly so due to their high modulation sensitivity RANGE This lets you program the am...

Page 16: ...us or minus one octave The smoothness depends on the PITCH BEND STEP setting 11 Modulation Wheel The Modulation wheel permits you to introduce LFO modulation of pitch and or amplitude and or EG bias a...

Page 17: ...ne plug None of these jacks needs to be used for normal opera tion of the DX7 but if the foot controllers are used be sure you plug in the proper type of controller The picto rial diagrams on the rear...

Page 18: ...uitar type cable and connect the center conductor to XLR s hot pin Then wire the shield to the other two pins of the XLR if hum is a problem cut the shield connection to pin 1 ofthe XLR The nominal ou...

Page 19: ...at voice name will appear The LCD display INT 1 is really redundant here it tells you that internal voice 1 is selected which you can read from the top line of the LCD window and the red LED voice num...

Page 20: ...CARTRIDGE button has already been pressed and the top line of the LCD display already indi cates CARTRIDGE VOICE ifnot do so now There fore you should only have to press the 8 button Press this The d...

Page 21: ...narrow range 75 cents we make it easier to tune precisely with the slider However since each voice can itself be programmed to a unique pitch or can be easily transposed as explained elsewhere there i...

Page 22: ...of these When the DX7 is set for a pitch bend range ofplus or minus an octave the display should look like this 3 Notice that if you hold a key and hold the PITCH wheel at a given position moving the...

Page 23: ...KEY P RETAIN Then ifnecessary movethe slider downor press this but tonso thedisplay indicates SUS KEY P RETAIN 4 Now play several notes one after the other while stepping on the SUSTAIN pedal Play a b...

Page 24: ...NO andthentheDATAENTRY button 3 Select the Fingered Portamento mode by pressing PORTAMENTO MODE and then the DATA ENTRY button 4 Observe that if you hold down one key then press a second key that is a...

Page 25: ...them to a DX9 once SYS INFO AVAIL is displayed press the MIDI button 8 again and when the display asks MIDI TRANSIT press the YES but ton memory protect must be OFF in the other synthe sizer Individua...

Page 26: ...just one modulation source the MODULATION WHEEL First make sure all modulation is OFF NOTE While you may not be using a given source of modulation it can still affect the voice ifits FUNC TION control...

Page 27: ...WHEEL RANGE 99 leave these controls set and try other voices Other voices may be programmed to be sensi tive to pitch modulation From this point you can access other voices by press ing MEMORY SELECT...

Page 28: ...OFF EG BIAS OFF OFF OFF OFF These settings are not ideal for all voices If for in stance you re playing the voice called SAX BC1 you will want to turn ON the Breath Controller EG bias and perhaps set...

Page 29: ...stack the car rier and any operators that are above and which feed its input are known as modulators By increasing the output level of the modulators going into a given the carrier you increase the nu...

Page 30: ...CK path The feedback is usually wrapped around a single operator with a few exceptions noted below The feed back returns a portion of the operators output back to an additional input on the same opera...

Page 31: ...ze the line defined by R1 and L1 as the attack portion of the envelope There are parallels between a conventional ADSR EGs and the DX7 s EGs However the DX7 envelopes are much more flexible than ADSR...

Page 32: ...nd gain a working knowledge of envelopes frequency ratios keyboard scaling and so forth you ll find creating a voice from scratch will become much easier and editing an exist ing voice a preset or one...

Page 33: ...changes when you play a note In the initialized voice all the operator s EG are set to produce an envelope with a square shape That is when you press a key to play a note the operator the sine wave ca...

Page 34: ...OP1 EG LEVEL 4 0 4 Lets look at the 4 envelope rates Press the EG RATE button and the display will now show you Rate 1 Press it 3 additional times to see the remain ing 3 rates Both EG Rate and EG Lev...

Page 35: ...the last portion of a long release time With all maximum levels at 99 except Level 4 Rate 1 at 25 and Rate 4 at 25 the note builds up slowly when you press a key and turns off even more slowly when yo...

Page 36: ...t at zero In fact Rate 4 sets the release time from whatever levelthe envelope has achieved at the instant you release the key This may seem a subtle distinction but you can hear it by experimenting w...

Page 37: ...amming dog whis tles or ultrasonic alarm simulations you won t ever use a ratio near 31 00 as a funda mental pitch tor a carrier NOTE The pitches you hear as you move the DATA ENTRY slider constitute...

Page 38: ...2 times that frequency which is too high to be audible on all but the lowest notes of the keyboard 8 Slowly bring the DATA ENTRY slider all the way down so the pitch returns to a ratio of 2 00 Then pr...

Page 39: ...or that is set as the current operator 3 Now press OPERATOR SELECT several times and observe that the display only moves between OP1 and OP2 Leave it set to OP2 34 Theheavy lineshowswhichoperatorscont...

Page 40: ...raise it or use the 1 and 1 buttons while playing Only the frequency should change in the display From a minimum of 0 50 to a maximum of 31 00 Listen to each ratio You are changing the entire harmonic...

Page 41: ...only be set to an operator that is on And see the display change to this Note the current operator stays at OP1 If you again want to adjust any parameters for Operator 2 you will have to press the OP...

Page 42: ...e to become pure when you release the key We ll correct that situation next There is no need to change the EG levels for now Operator1levels remain unchanged Initialized levels forOperator1 EG LEVEL 1...

Page 43: ...NOTE These instructions assume you have followed the instructions in the previous section and that the DX7 is in the EDIT mode Before you go on the dis play should appear as shown here and Operators 1...

Page 44: ...but instead changes the rates for each group of 3 keys on the keyboard When you ve tried the maximum reset the scaling to a value of 4 And push up DATA ENTRY leave it set like this In this case the ra...

Page 45: ...the DATA ENTRY controls to see this Now play up the scale from E4 and hear how you have removed just a bit of volume from the highest notes NOTE In the examplesjust given the keyboard level scaling ma...

Page 46: ...be greater than zero Lets program a small amount of sine wave modula tion of the pitch to give the sound some character 1 Press the WAVE button You can now use the DATA ENTRY section to select any of...

Page 47: ...LFO section to automatically add a small amount of vibrato to the voice simulating the natural vibrato in a reed instrument However the effect is there all the time whereas in a real instru ment the v...

Page 48: ...fect And adjust the DATA ENTRY controls to see this 13 Press MOD SENSITIVITY AMPLITUDE and then press OPERATOR SELECT to set Operator 2 as the current operator Then use DATA ENTRY to bring up the sens...

Page 49: ...maximum level R1 L1 for the hammer strike followed by a slow fall to an inter mediate decay level R2 L2 which has the effect of widening the hammer strike and making less of a click There is no susta...

Page 50: ...e operators 3 4 5 6 16 Press OPERATOR SELECT as many times as needed to set operator 3 as current Then press OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY COARSE and you ll see the ratio is now set at 2 00 To transpose an oct...

Page 51: ...CTION button to place the DX7 in FUNCTIONmode b Press the EDIT RECALL button then press the DATA ENTRY YES button to answer the two prompts edit recall and are you sure c You have now recovered the lo...

Page 52: ...to compare the newly edited sound to the original sound you can press the EDIT COMPARE button once Notice the decimal point in the LED voice number display disappears and the number itself begins to...

Page 53: ...ana lyze and record the parameters of several preset voices strictly as a learning tool for you Play the voices look at the way the voice is programmed and try to understand how the settings affect t...

Page 54: ...voice The LCD display will briefly indicate Under Writing and will then return to the voice name and number indicating the voice has been stored NOTE Ifyou attempt this step with either the software...

Page 55: ...voice you want to move and then press STORE and the voice selector of the memory in which you wish to store this voice 3b If you want to move the voice into the same or a dif ferent position within th...

Page 56: ...d be worthwhile to reprogram the attack rate or to add some Keyboard Rate Scaling if the problem is pri marily at the upper end of the keyboard All of the preceding suggestions may be completely inapp...

Page 57: ...ture Regardless of the algorithm you select use the fewest number of operators you can when you begin to pro gram Turn off the others while programming by using the OPERATOR ON OFF buttons ifyou want...

Page 58: ...low hard into the BC 1 the level comes back up to the maximum level permitted by the enve lope at any given instant you must have played the note first on the keyboard so that the EG bias is bringing...

Page 59: ...er or ON and OFF buttons will toggle the keyboard between polyphonic and mono operation 5 Press MEMORY SELECT internal or cartridge to enter the PLAY mode When you select a voice like the Fretless Bas...

Page 60: ...voice assignments For example moving the Mas ter s MODULATION Wheel to full forward deflection might cause a slight bit of LFO pitch modulation on that instrument while on the Slave there might be a...

Page 61: ...e you press a voice selec tor buttons 1 32 both instruments will go to that numbered voice memory Both will play and will respond to modulation controls if the FUNCTION mode programming is appropriate...

Page 62: ...IT mode information from 1 voice on the Master and apply it to another voice on the Slave As soon as you select or alter any EDIT parameter on the Master that value change is auto matically transmitte...

Page 63: ...e selected a voice which has a lot of amplitude modulation sensitivity programmed into its carriers and that one of the modu lation controls is programmed with a significant amount of amplitude modula...

Page 64: ...rned off due to an internal battery The other voice storage medium is the cartridge There are two types of cartridges RAM and ROM see thesedefinitions Cartridge Form This is an abbreviation for cartri...

Page 65: ...contain some data some numbers that describe a voice If all data were set to zero you would hear nothing and it would take a lot of programming to get any sound at all Therefore when you INITialize th...

Page 66: ...vided the MODULATION SENSITIVITY PITCH setting is greater than zero Preset A preset is a voice which can be played without having to be programmed Some synthesizers force the player to program any voi...

Page 67: ...Sustain Key Pitch Retain See Key Pitch Retain Sustain In a synthesizer the sustain describes the level which a note settles into while a key is held down or while the sustain foot pedal is pressed do...

Page 68: ...PITCH BEND RANGE STEP PORTAMENTO MODE POLY MONO GLISSANDO TIME MODULATION WHEEL RANGE PITCH AMPLITUDE EG BIAS FOOT CONTROL RANGE PITCH AMPLITUDE EG BIAS BREATH CONTROL RANGE PITCH AMPLITUDE EG BIAS AF...

Page 69: ...yboardratescaling 8 38 39 46 51 59 63 key sync see sync LCD C 3 5 6 14 16 18 21 22 47 49 56 58 60 63 LFO includes LFO AMD delay modulation PMD speed sync wave 6 7 10 11 21 22 40 43 51 56 59 63 load C...

Page 70: ...YAMAHA VOICE DATA LIST...

Page 71: ...DX7 OM 5 20 99 19E0112 international Corp Box 6600 Buena Park Calif 90622...

Page 72: ...YAMAHA Yamaha Corporation of America 6600 Orangethorpe Avenue P O Box 6600 Buena Park CA 90622 6600 10 11 99 19J0062 DX7 OM...

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