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For those of you who have used our previous products, much of the information in this 
manual will be familiar. We have added some new interesting titbits. Over the past four years 
since the first Zed amplifiers were introduced, several events have occurred which have 
moved us into a new dimension of mobile amplification.

The cost of gasoline has skyrocketed and for those of you who believe that $2.50 gasoline is 
here to stay, well there is a big shock waiting just around that little corner. The world’s car 
manufacturers are now forced to make smaller cars, as they have done for many years in 
Europe and the far East. This means smaller electrical systems due to the smaller engines 
are being used. Hybrids are cut from the same cloth in terms of the available electrical 
power.

Well you may ask, what has this got to do with mobile amplifiers? Everything! The 
electronics now must smaller, lighter, more efficient and of course less expensive. 
Unfortunately these things do not always go hand in hand. The need for high powered 
amplifiers has not diminished. Power hungry speakers and power hungry consumers prowl 
the back alleys of mobile sound.

So what is required are amplifiers that use the available electrical power more efficiently 
BUT with no loss of fidelity or power. Several options are available. Class B amplifiers are 
notoriously inefficient due to the fact that they are linear devices and in their traditional form 
waste about 70-80% of the  power supplied to them as heat. Class A amplifiers do not even 
think about for mobile use as their efficiency is even worse. So what options are available? 
Class D is the one of them. For most audio buffs, class D has been given a bad rap owing to 
the rash of really bad class D amplifiers which have been introduced to the mobile market 
over the years. There are several reasons why these amplifiers sounded bad and were 
unreliable. The bad sound was due to the fact that the designers/copycats had no idea on 
how a class D amplifier functions. The reliability was due to bad design and almost zero 
knowledge of class D amplifiers.

This technology has made leaps and bounds over the past 5 odd years. New semiconductor 
devices have become available as well as a better understanding of this type of amplifier.

OK let’s get into some real “deep” issues. ALL amplifiers are basically power supplies! This 
will shock almost all who read this. Audio amplifiers are really a valve between the actual 
power supply and the speaker. This valve is “told” by the incoming audio signal to allow a 
given amount of the v current from the power supply to reach the loudspeaker 
dependent solely on the amplitude and polarity of the incoming signal. This may blow away 
the pre conceptions of all who read this of what amplifiers really are. Remember there are 
two main components in any amplifier, a power supply which is the sole source of power and 
the “amplifier” which channels the power from the power supply by virtue of “commands” 
given by the driving audio signal.  With this said let’s see what’s cookin’ inside our black 
boxes. 

Page 1

Summary of Contents for Kronos

Page 1: ...Instruction and Installation Manual KRONOS LEVIATHAN Designed and manufactured in the United States of America...

Page 2: ...es Surface mount for higher reliability Clipping LEDs on every channel allows set up and help prevent amplifier clipping Power supplies use TO 247 packaged MOSFETs each with 110A capability Front end...

Page 3: ...out 70 80 of the power supplied to them as heat Class A amplifiers do not even think about for mobile use as their efficiency is even worse So what options are available Class D is the one of them For...

Page 4: ...the same energy as music driving the amplifier to clip occasionally Easy to verify We use pink noise Google it and see what it really is to simulate music and this proves at least to us that pink nois...

Page 5: ...er is 2 2dB the difference between the 2 and 1 ohm power is 1 76dB and the difference between 4 and 1 ohm power is 3 9dB So what do these numbers tell us First if the speaker is 4 ohms vs 2 ohms no wa...

Page 6: ...ns Electrons are not very clever things and they have no knowledge of the type of material through which they are flowing at the speed of light 312 000 Km second The ONLY reason we recommend high qual...

Page 7: ...nt These prototypes are bench tested put in to vehicles listened to both in the vehicle and at home then retested on the bench We bake them in ovens and retest again Heat is the enemy and we want to m...

Page 8: ...This spreads out the amount of current being drawn through one bolt connection tiffening capacitors These are of NO use with our amplifiers due to the fact that the Samplifiers have fully regulated po...

Page 9: ...output voltage from the head will approach 1 volt on musical peaks Let assume we have an amplifier of 100 watts This implies that we can deliver 20 volts across a 4 ohm load Let us assume that the amp...

Page 10: ...e very small indeed Certainly less than 0 1 ohms Whoa look what has happened the EFFECTIVE DAMPING FACTOR has been reduced from 1000 to 40 by just taking into account those pesky unavoidable contact r...

Page 11: ...ach stage with local feedback This allows us to design an amplifier with lower open loop gain and thus we only have to apply about 8dB of global feedback Ultra low THD was not our goal but rather an a...

Page 12: ...p slope high pass filters with Sa frequency range between 10 to 50Hz Their only function is to filter out those frequencies which lie below audibility The woofer s cone will not flop around as it does...

Page 13: ...as not to damage the threads in the bottom of the heat sink We supply four longer M4 bolts with each amplifier Fusing of amplifiers Almost every amplifier I have worked on is OVER FUSED period Over fu...

Page 14: ...f a machine bolt and nut rather than a self tapper The torque that the machine bolt can exert is greater than that of a self tapper and due to the large currents flowing through this ground connection...

Page 15: ...lat mode 12 12 Low Pass Crossover all are 24dB octave 46Hz 3 4KHz 80Hz 4KHz 40Hz 240Hz High Pass Crossover all are 24dB octave 46Hz 3 4KHz 80Hz 4KHz Subsonic Crossover24dB octave 11Hz 48Hz 11hz 48Hz E...

Page 16: ...igh and low pass crossovers setting the upper and lower frequency cut off points of the band pass So with running as a two channel amplifier the RCA sockets marked 3 and 4 are simple loop throughs or...

Page 17: ...the audio section is done with opto isolators which allows us to keep the control circuits fully isolated from the audio circuits Do NOT power up with the volume level high The internal initializing...

Page 18: ...te charge types which are utilized for their unique characteristics which are beneficial for class D full range amplifiers The power supply is almost an all new design Fully regulated yes of course as...

Page 19: ...ridged the process is One channel is in phase with the incoming signal and the other is 180 degrees out of phase So a positive going incoming signal will drive the non inverting channel s output in a...

Page 20: ...1 or ch2 speaker terminals Then set the BALANCE control until the readings on the meter are the same when switching between ch1 and ch 2 1 MODE PASS 2 3 4 LOWEQ BALANCE LEVEL BP LP LP 2ch LP FLAT HP...

Page 21: ...4 INPUTS 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K...

Page 22: ...INPUTS 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 52 3 4K 3 4K 200...

Page 23: ...PUTS 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52...

Page 24: ...S 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 52 3 4K 3 4K 200 200 65...

Page 25: ...AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 0dB 12dB 12dB 48 48 44 44 40 40 27 27 17 17 11 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52 52 3 4K 3 4K 200 200 65 65 1 3K 1 3K _ PROT POWER...

Page 26: ...6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K _...

Page 27: ...1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 0dB 12dB 12dB 48 48 44 44 40 40 27 27 17 17 11 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52 52 3...

Page 28: ...plifier with six channels and 150w per channel BUT it would be big heavy and expensive The expensive part has been eliminated with the higher efficiency obtained with class D and our power supply tech...

Page 29: ...nt into is in does not incorporate the load impedance measurement system owing to the fact that there are six channels and one power supply uses ultra fast MOSFETs in each channel rated at 29A The pow...

Page 30: ...115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESI...

Page 31: ...1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE U...

Page 32: ...6 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 48 80 80 115 115 360 360 1 8K 1 8K 4K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR B...

Page 33: ...5 6 11 48 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 80 115 115 360 360 1 8K 1 8K 4K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRID...

Page 34: ...6 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 48 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 80 115 115 360 360 1 8K 1 8K 4K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BR...

Page 35: ...L LEVEL LOW PASS MODE MODE MODE LP BP 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v SUB SONIC LEVEL LEVEL LOW PASS LP 1 4 LP LP 5 6 FLAT FLAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 POWER PROT CLIP 1 3 2 4 5...

Page 36: ...27 27 40 40 44 44 40 40 240 240 50 50 63 63 110 110 180 180 200 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN T...

Page 37: ...27 40 40 44 44 40 40 240 240 50 50 63 63 110 110 180 180 200 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE U...

Page 38: ...NEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO THE CONTROLS SHOWN IN GREEN ARE APPLICABLE ONLY LEVIATHAN with Chs 5 6 in low pass using...

Page 39: ...S MODE MODE MODE LP BP 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v SUB SONIC LEVEL LEVEL LOW PASS LP 1 4 LP LP 5 6 FLAT FLAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 POWER PROT CLIP 1 3 2 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1...

Page 40: ...his signal level the better the subjective S N ratio is Protection LED comes on Remove speaker connections from amplifier Turn amplifier off for 5 seconds Turn on again if LED is off the problem is wi...

Page 41: ...ced the warranty is null and void There are NO exceptions to this To obtain factory service under the terms of this warranty the purchaser must contact Zed Audio Corporation or an appointed service ce...

Page 42: ...with a copy of the original sales invoice The full purchase price shall be refunded less the original freight amount For any damaged or missing parts on the amplifier including packaging materials the...

Page 43: ...d and the power amplifier will incorporate tubes right up to the output stage The output devices will be high speed Sanken or Toshiba devices which in my opinion are the best bi polar devices around C...

Page 44: ...oduct purchased Serial number Name and address from whom this product was purchased Date of purchase Please do not forget to mail a copy of the retail invoice OR scan it an email to us If you are mail...

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