A
LARMS
5-14
www.zoll.com
906-0731-01-05 Rev. C
2071
Low Airway Pressure
Alarm triggers when the airway pressure, PIP, is < the low airway pressure limit for 2 consecutive breaths.
The user should check for leaks/disconnects in the breathing circuit, patient airway or a failure of the exhala-
tion valve. The user should also assess if the patient is breathing with the ventilator, the PIP or tidal volume
are set too low, or if the low airway pressure limit is set too high. If a replacement is available the user should
replace the breathing circuit. If these mitigations do not resolve the alarm condition, replace the ventilator and
contact the service center for more information.
Mitigation/Info: Check Patient Connection, Check Circuit For Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve,
2072
High Tidal Volume
Alarm triggers during pressure targeted ventilation when the delivered tidal volume exceeds the user defined
limit for 2 consecutive breaths. This can be caused by a leak in the patient connection or breathing circuit.
When the ventilator is not able to reach the pressure target flow increases to compensate which leads to a
high delivered tidal volume. It is critical to set this alarm with infant and pediatric patients given that the high
resistance airways used with these patients can provide a false airway pressure even when the patient has
extubated or decannulated. The user should check for leaks/disconnects in the breathing circuit, patient air-
way or a failure of the exhalation valve. Users should also assess if the patient is anxious and breathing
deeply or if the high tidal volume limit is set too low. If a replacement is available the user should replace the
breathing circuit.
Mitigation/Info: Check Patient Connection, Check Circuit For Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve,
2073
Low Tidal Volume
Alarm triggers during pressure targeted ventilation when the delivered tidal volume does not reach the user
defined limit for 2 consecutive breaths. When this occurs flow decelerates to maintain the airway pressure at
airway pressure limit for the duration of the breath (inspiratory time). If the PIP setting is set properly the
breath should be greater than the low limit, provided it is set correctly. The user should check for kinks or
blockage of the breathing circuit or patient airway. In some instances the cause can be an accumulation of
secretions in the airway which will require suctioning to clear. The user should also assess if the patient is
fighting the ventilator, asynchrony, or if the PIP target is set too low.
Mitigation/Info: Check Circuit For Kinked Hose/Tube, Check For Airway Obstruction, Suction Airway If Nec-
2074
High Breath Rate
Alarm triggers when the actual breathing rate (set rate plus spontaneous patient rate) exceeds the high alarm
limit. This can be caused by the patient breathing too fast due to anxiety or pending respiratory failure. It can
also be caused by autotriggering due to a leak or the when the spontaneous/assisted breath trigger is set too
close to the baseline pressure
,
PEEP. The user should check for leaks/disconnects in the breathing circuit,
patient airway or a failure of the exhalation valve. The user should also assess if the patient is anxious and
breathing deeply or if the high tidal volume limit is set too low. If a replacement is available the user should
replace the breathing circuit.
Mitigation/Info: Check For Loose Circuit Connection, Check Trigger Setting, Check High Alarm Limit Setting,
2075
Low Breath Rate/Apnea
Alarm triggers when the actual breathing rate (set rate plus spontaneous patient rate) is less than the low
alarm limit. This can be caused by the patient not breathing or breathing at a rate less than the limit. If the
spontaneous/assisted breath trigger is not sensitive enough the patient may not be able to trigger breaths.
The user should also determine if the low rate is set too high for the patient.
Mitigation/Info: Check Patient for Spontaneous Breathing, Adjust Breath Trigger, Check Low Alarm Limit Set-
ting, Increase Ventilation Support, ** Manually Ventilate Patient**
2076
Apnea
Alarm triggers when the spontaneous breathing rate is less than the low alarm limit. This alarm only occurs in
noninvasive ventilation, CPAP and BL modes. The alarm can be caused by the patient not breathing or
breathing at a rate less than the limit. The apnea backup ventilation starts automatically when the alarm is
triggered. The user should select and active mode of ventilation, AC or SIMV, to support the patient.
Mitigation/Info: Apnea Backup Ventilation Started, Set Mode to AC or SIMV, Set Rate and Tidal Volume/
Pressure Target, ** Manually Ventilate Patient**
