P-660H/HW-T Series User’ Guide
Chapter 11 Firewall Configuration
150
11.12.1 Threshold Values
Tune these parameters when something is not working and after you have checked the firewall
counters. These default values should work fine for most small offices. Factors influencing
choices for threshold values are:
• The maximum number of opened sessions.
• The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network.
• The CPU power of servers in your LAN network.
• Network bandwidth.
• Type of traffic for certain servers.
If your network is slower than average for any of these factors (especially if you have servers
that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy), then the default values should be
reduced.
You should make any changes to the threshold values before you continue configuring
firewall rules.
11.12.2 Half-Open Sessions
An unusually high number of half-open sessions (either an absolute number or measured as
the arrival rate) could indicate that a Denial of Service attack is occurring. For TCP, "half-
open" means that the session has not reached the established state-the TCP three-way
handshake has not yet been completed (see
). For UDP, "half-open"
means that the firewall has detected no return traffic.
The Prestige measures both the total number of existing half-open sessions and the rate of
session establishment attempts. Both TCP and UDP half-open sessions are counted in the total
number and rate measurements. Measurements are made once a minute.
When the number of existing half-open sessions rises above a threshold (
max-incomplete
high
), the Prestige starts deleting half-open sessions as required to accommodate new
connection requests. The Prestige continues to delete half-open requests as necessary, until the
number of existing half-open sessions drops below another threshold (
max-incomplete low
).
When the rate of new connection attempts rises above a threshold (
one-minute high
), the
Prestige starts deleting half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection
requests. The Prestige continues to delete half-open sessions as necessary, until the rate of new
connection attempts drops below another threshold (
one-minute low
). The rate is the number
of new attempts detected in the last one-minute sample period.
11.12.2.1 TCP Maximum Incomplete and Blocking Time
An unusually high number of half-open sessions with the same destination host address could
indicate that a Denial of Service attack is being launched against the host.
Summary of Contents for P-660H Series
Page 2: ......
Page 10: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 9 Customer Support ...
Page 32: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 31 List of Figures ...
Page 38: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 37 List of Tables ...
Page 42: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 41 Introduction to DSL ...
Page 62: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 61 Chapter 3 Wizard Setup for Internet Access ...
Page 90: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 89 Chapter 5 Wireless LAN ...
Page 132: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 131 Chapter 10 Firewalls ...
Page 162: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 161 Chapter 13 Remote Management Configuration ...
Page 176: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 175 Chapter 14 Universal Plug and Play UPnP ...
Page 182: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 181 Chapter 15 Logs Screens ...
Page 196: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 195 Chapter 16 Media Bandwidth Management Advanced Setup ...
Page 208: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 207 Chapter 17 Maintenance ...
Page 218: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 217 Chapter 19 Menu 1 General Setup ...
Page 222: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 221 Chapter 20 Menu 2 WAN Backup Setup ...
Page 226: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 225 Chapter 21 Menu 3 LAN Setup ...
Page 230: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 229 Chapter 22 Wireless LAN Setup ...
Page 236: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 235 Chapter 23 Internet Access ...
Page 250: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 249 Chapter 25 Static Route Setup ...
Page 254: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 253 Chapter 26 Bridging Setup ...
Page 270: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 269 Chapter 27 Network Address Translation NAT ...
Page 286: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 285 Chapter 29 Filter Configuration ...
Page 306: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 305 Chapter 32 System Information and Diagnosis ...
Page 318: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 317 Chapter 33 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ...
Page 324: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 323 Chapter 34 System Maintenance ...
Page 328: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 327 Chapter 35 Remote Management ...
Page 338: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 337 Chapter 36 IP Policy Routing ...
Page 342: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 341 Chapter 37 Call Scheduling ...
Page 358: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 357 Appendix A ...
Page 360: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 359 Appendix B ...
Page 384: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 383 Appendix D ...
Page 388: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 387 Appendix F ...
Page 394: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 393 Appendix G ...
Page 398: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 397 Appendix H ...
Page 401: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide Appendix I 400 ...
Page 402: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 401 Appendix I ...
Page 456: ...P 660H HW T Series User Guide 455 Appendix M ...
