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Chapter 17 Network Address Translation (NAT)
17.1.2 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a
subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding
the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination
address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the
original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never
changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the
ISP. In addition, you can designate servers (for example a web server and a telnet server) on
your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. Although you can make
designated servers on the LAN accessible to the outside world, it is strongly recommended
that you attach those servers to the DMZ port instead. If you do not define any servers (for
Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping), NAT offers the additional benefit of
firewall protection. With no servers defined, your ZyWALL filters out all incoming inquiries,
thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address
translation, refer to
RFC 1631
,
The IP Network Address Translator (NAT)
.
17.1.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing
packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside
Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the
destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT
maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with
hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source
port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet
and then forwards it to the Internet. The ZyWALL keeps track of the original addresses and
port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following
figure illustrates this.
Figure 142
How NAT Works
Summary of Contents for ZyXEL ZyWALL 35
Page 1: ...ZyWALL 35 Internet Security Appliance User s Guide Version 3 64 3 2005 ...
Page 2: ......
Page 38: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 36 ...
Page 46: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 44 ...
Page 74: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 72 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator ...
Page 90: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 88 Chapter 3 Wizard Setup ...
Page 100: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 98 Chapter 4 LAN Screens ...
Page 106: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 104 Chapter 5 Bridge Screens ...
Page 128: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 126 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN ...
Page 135: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide Chapter 7 WAN Screens 133 Figure 47 General ...
Page 152: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 150 Chapter 7 WAN Screens Figure 57 Dial Backup Setup ...
Page 158: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 156 Chapter 7 WAN Screens ...
Page 166: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 164 Chapter 8 DMZ Screens ...
Page 234: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 232 Chapter 13 Introduction to IPSec ...
Page 275: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide Chapter 15 Certificates 273 Figure 129 My Certificate Details ...
Page 294: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 292 Chapter 16 Authentication Server Figure 140 Local User Database ...
Page 314: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 312 Chapter 17 Network Address Translation NAT ...
Page 318: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 316 Chapter 18 Static Route ...
Page 324: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 322 Chapter 19 Policy Route ...
Page 340: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 338 Chapter 20 Bandwidth Management ...
Page 376: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 374 Chapter 22 Remote Management ...
Page 390: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 388 Chapter 24 Logs Screens Figure 198 Log Settings ...
Page 413: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide Chapter 25 Maintenance 411 Figure 220 Restart Screen ...
Page 414: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 412 Chapter 25 Maintenance ...
Page 440: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 438 Chapter 28 WAN and Dial Backup Setup ...
Page 456: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 454 Chapter 31 DMZ Setup ...
Page 460: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 458 Chapter 32 Route Setup ...
Page 470: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 468 Chapter 33 Remote Node Setup ...
Page 522: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 520 Chapter 39 System Information Diagnosis ...
Page 538: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 536 Chapter 40 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ...
Page 550: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 548 Chapter 42 Remote Management ...
Page 558: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 556 Chapter 43 IP Policy Routing ...
Page 574: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 572 Chapter 45 Troubleshooting Figure 364 Java Sun ...
Page 602: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 600 Appendix C IP Subnetting ...
Page 608: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 606 Appendix E PPTP ...
Page 626: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 624 Appendix G Triangle Route ...
Page 656: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 654 Appendix J Importing Certificates ...
Page 658: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 656 Appendix K Command Interpreter ...
Page 664: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 662 Appendix L Firewall Commands ...
Page 668: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 666 Appendix M NetBIOS Filter Commands ...
Page 674: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 672 Appendix O Brute Force Password Guessing Protection ...
Page 696: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 694 Appendix Q Log Descriptions ...