ZyWALL 35 User’s Guide
594
Appendix C IP Subnetting
Since the first octet of a class “A” IP address must contain a “0”, the first octet of a class “A”
address can have a value of 0 to 127.
Similarly the first octet of a class “B” must begin with “10”, therefore the first octet of a class
“B” address has a valid range of 128 to 191. The first octet of a class “C” address begins with
“110”, and therefore has a range of 192 to 223.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits
are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). A subnet mask has 32 is a “1” then
the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet
mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just as IP addresses are. The “natural”
masks for class A, B and C IP addresses are as follows.
Subnetting
With subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C
address no longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With
subnetting, some of the host ID bits are converted into network number bits. By convention,
subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the left most bit
of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing
a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
Table 13
Allowed IP Address Range By Class
CLASS
ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET
(BINARY)
ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
Class A
0
0000000 to
0
1111111
0 to 127
Class B
10
000000 to
10
111111
128 to 191
Class C
110
00000 to
110
11111
192 to 223
Class D
1110
0000 to
1110
1111
224 to 239
Table 14
“Natural” Masks
CLASS
NATURAL MASK
A
255.0.0.0
B
255.255.0.0
C
255.255.255.0
Summary of Contents for ZyXEL ZyWALL 35
Page 1: ...ZyWALL 35 Internet Security Appliance User s Guide Version 3 64 3 2005 ...
Page 2: ......
Page 38: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 36 ...
Page 46: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 44 ...
Page 74: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 72 Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator ...
Page 90: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 88 Chapter 3 Wizard Setup ...
Page 100: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 98 Chapter 4 LAN Screens ...
Page 106: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 104 Chapter 5 Bridge Screens ...
Page 128: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 126 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN ...
Page 135: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide Chapter 7 WAN Screens 133 Figure 47 General ...
Page 152: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 150 Chapter 7 WAN Screens Figure 57 Dial Backup Setup ...
Page 158: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 156 Chapter 7 WAN Screens ...
Page 166: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 164 Chapter 8 DMZ Screens ...
Page 234: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 232 Chapter 13 Introduction to IPSec ...
Page 275: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide Chapter 15 Certificates 273 Figure 129 My Certificate Details ...
Page 294: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 292 Chapter 16 Authentication Server Figure 140 Local User Database ...
Page 314: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 312 Chapter 17 Network Address Translation NAT ...
Page 318: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 316 Chapter 18 Static Route ...
Page 324: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 322 Chapter 19 Policy Route ...
Page 340: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 338 Chapter 20 Bandwidth Management ...
Page 376: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 374 Chapter 22 Remote Management ...
Page 390: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 388 Chapter 24 Logs Screens Figure 198 Log Settings ...
Page 413: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide Chapter 25 Maintenance 411 Figure 220 Restart Screen ...
Page 414: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 412 Chapter 25 Maintenance ...
Page 440: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 438 Chapter 28 WAN and Dial Backup Setup ...
Page 456: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 454 Chapter 31 DMZ Setup ...
Page 460: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 458 Chapter 32 Route Setup ...
Page 470: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 468 Chapter 33 Remote Node Setup ...
Page 522: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 520 Chapter 39 System Information Diagnosis ...
Page 538: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 536 Chapter 40 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance ...
Page 550: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 548 Chapter 42 Remote Management ...
Page 558: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 556 Chapter 43 IP Policy Routing ...
Page 574: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 572 Chapter 45 Troubleshooting Figure 364 Java Sun ...
Page 602: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 600 Appendix C IP Subnetting ...
Page 608: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 606 Appendix E PPTP ...
Page 626: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 624 Appendix G Triangle Route ...
Page 656: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 654 Appendix J Importing Certificates ...
Page 658: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 656 Appendix K Command Interpreter ...
Page 664: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 662 Appendix L Firewall Commands ...
Page 668: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 666 Appendix M NetBIOS Filter Commands ...
Page 674: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 672 Appendix O Brute Force Password Guessing Protection ...
Page 696: ...ZyWALL 35 User s Guide 694 Appendix Q Log Descriptions ...