Cobra MR HH325VP, Service Manual

Page 1: ...djustment Procedure 10 Wiring Diagram 12 Printed Circuit Board 13 Troubleshooting 16 Exploded View 17 Mechanical Parts List 19 Electrical Packing Other Parts List 21 IC Lead Identification and Internal Diagram 37 Transistor Lead Identification 44 Voltage Chart 46 Schematic Diagram 50 Version 01 Date Nov 27 2007 ...

Page 2: ...Working Voltage V 6 3 Battery Lifetime Tx5 Rx 5 Standby 90 Hour 12 0 7 2V 1500mAH Memory Retented EEPROM Antenna Socket TNC Display LCD With Backlight Built ln Speaker Diamter 40mm Impedance 8 Ohm Dimension 64mm W 135mm H 38 5mm D Weight Without Battery 250g RECEIVER UNIT LIMIT Sensitivity For 12dB Sinan dBm 118 Squelch a squelch threshold dBm 120 b squelch tight dBm 113 107 c hysteresis tight dB ...

Page 3: ...10 Modulation limiting kHz 4 3 4 9 Modulation sens For 3 kHz dev mV 7 3 Audio frequency response 1KHz 0dB ref 300HZ dB 12 3 2500HZ dB 6 3 Audio distortion 2 5 khz dew 5 Hum and noise ratio dB 35 Spurious Emission dBm 36 Current drain TX Hi mode A 2 Mid mode A 1 5 Lo mode A 0 9 Mic Modulation Sen at Sound level of 94 dBA kHz 1 5 Mic Modulation Limiting at Sound level of 110 dBA kHz 4 0 4 9 Note All...

Page 4: ... L6 C4 filters out spurious emission and the antenna switching circuit D1 D2 The signal is filtered by another low pass filter network which consists of C16 L2 C62 C12 L1 C5 and C1 These low pass filters are necessary to suppress the second and third harmonics The signal is then fed into the antenna input and radiated out TX current is converted into a voltage signal that signal fed into U2 LM2904...

Page 5: ...lch control R90 C141 C142 form as a squelch amplifier The ceramic filter produces a squelch signal RF noise Pin 14 of U1 sends the digital squelch control signal to the CPU mute the audio speaker path Pin 12 of U1 output a RSSI level to the CPU z Low Voltage Detection The battery voltage divided by R148 R149 is input to U7 Pin 6 for voltage level sample z Vibration Alert When vibration alert is ne...

Page 6: ...C FC M 61 4012 RESET Q Bt 17 3904 D BAW 16 56 LM324 3 4 LPF BPF LPF O4 LPF SAW BPF HVU307 MOD HUV307 D10 HUV307 D12 F CONT F CONT F HDF B 1 160 RSSI SQL SQL SQL RSSI B V 7 2 B V 7 2 B V 7 2 B V 7 2 BEEP B V 7 2 AF SW 1050 HZ ATIS 1050 Hz ATIS AF SW AF MUTE RX SW VTX VCO RX SW TX V 5 RX V 5 RX SW V TXPOW VCC V5 BEEP APC LPF SAVE Q MB 10 3904 VR1 Q MB 11 3904 CLONE 156 163MHz SAW BPF 156 163MHz F HD...

Page 7: ... the front and rear panels from the main chassis 1 Remove the rubber antenna SPK MIC knob and the VOL SQL knob from the main unit 2 Remove 4 screws from the rear housing of main unit 3 Detach the die cast from the front housing 1 2 3 7 ...

Page 8: ...uipment listed below are used for the test setup shown in Fig 3 1 This test setup used either partially or totally during the following adjustments Test Equipment 1 DC Power Supply 7 2V DC 0 15V 3A max 2 RF Power Meter 10 W 50 Ohm 100 200 MHz 3 RF Signal Generator 100 200 MHz 50 ohm termination 4 FM Linear Detector FMLD 100 200 MHz 5 Frequency Counter 1 500 MHz 6 Oscilloscope 20 MHz 7 Distortion M...

Page 9: ...H01 3 Adjust L23 4 TP1 voltage 1 2 1 6V DC 3 VC1 1 Connect the antenna coupler output to a frequency counter 2 Set channel to CH01 156 050 MHz 3 Adjust VC1 to obtain a frequency reading 156 050 MHz 200Hz 4 VR2 Modulation 1 Connect the antenna coupler output to an FM linear detector 2 Connect Audio Oscillators to Microphone Jack 3 Set unit to transmit mode 4 Set audio oscillator output to 23dBm 1 k...

Page 10: ...Main PCB Bottom View Top View VR2 VC1 L22 L23 TP1 10 ...

Page 11: ...WIRING DIAGRAM CHARGER CHARGER 11 ...

Page 12: ...Main PCB Top View PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 12 ...

Page 13: ...Main PCB Bottom View PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 13 ...

Page 14: ...Charger PCB PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD Bottom View LCD PCB Bottom View Top View Top View 14 ...

Page 15: ...e F1 and F2 5 Low receiver sensitivity Check antenna and connector for possible corrosion or bad connection Failure of the output from Q7 Q8 Q2 U1 Check the output level of local OSC 6 No transmit TX Defective PTT switch Defective regulator U8 Check TP1 voltage 0 5 4V Check power transmits circuit Q12 Q6 D1 D2 and Q1 Check power control circuit Q17 Q18 Q24 Check power control circuit U2 7 Low RF p...

Page 16: ...MAIN UNIT EXPLODED VIEW MAIN UNIT EXPLODED VIEW 16 ...

Page 17: ...CHARGER UNIT EXPLODED VIEW 9 17 ...

Page 18: ...M DC31M3G ROHS 089L002986 018 19 SCREW TS D2 6L10 PH FL S S ROHS 067L352610 00200 20 SCREW MS M3 0L09 PH FL S S BLK ROHS 071L130093 50001 21 PLAS CLIP ATTACHMENT PC BLK 3U2X TM832EUL ROHS 056L006981D010 22 CONNECTOR AT RECEP 62 CU TM832EUL ROHS 004L990019 01007 23 METAL PALTE CONTECTOR T03 BS NI L12 NV366 063L003684 013 24 SCREW MS M2 0L04 PH W FL MS NI ROHS 070L142004 31104 25 MOTOR YONGLIANXING ...

Page 19: ... TRANSPARENT ROHS 055L002779C020 4 CONT COM CHARGE TM832EUL T03 PHOSPHOR COPPER GP ROHS 061L003059C018 5 PCB SS 94V0 L72 W34 3 T10 CHA GP TM832EUL REV 2 ROHS 116L1HH325 USB27 6 CAB REAR CHG TM832EUL ABS BLK 3U2X COBRA ROHS 052L003066C014 7 RATING LABEL FOR TM832EUL CHG ROHS 081L001998 010 8 CUSH RUB KE941 U 10x1 6 TE238R 089L001127 035 9 SCREW M3 0 8 0mm PB IRON 067L130086 10003 CHARGER UNIT EXPLO...

Page 20: ... M 10 V D5H8 ROHS 003L121071 02202 C180 CAP ELE 100 U M 16 V D6H5 40 105 003L121071 62214 C185 CAP ELE 10 U M 25 V D4H5 ROHS 003L121062 52000 C186 CAP ELE 10 U M 25 V D4H5 ROHS 003L121062 52000 F3 XTAL 21M4 1K6 20 70 ZIBOFENGYUAN UM 5 ROHS 007L221425 W0003 F4 XTAL 21M4 1K6 20 70 ZIBOFENGYUAN UM 5 ROHS 007L221425 W0003 F5 FLTR 450K 7K5 20 80 SHOULDER LTM450EW 201L545015 A0007 M2 MIC COND 2 2 KOHM D...

Page 21: ...52205 05302 C203 CAP CSM 1000P K 10 V 0402 X7R 003L211021 01388 D3 LED SMD ORG 2V1 3216 JOYWOW JW CS 1204O1 JC ROHS 015L000302 10004 D5 LED SMD ORG 2V1 0603 KINGBRIGHT KPT 1608SECK 015L000375 10025 D6 LED SMD ORG 2V1 0603 KINGBRIGHT KPT 1608SECK 015L000375 10025 D7 LED SMD ORG 2V1 0603 KINGBRIGHT KPT 1608SECK 015L000375 10025 D8 LED SMD ORG 2V1 0603 KINGBRIGHT KPT 1608SECK 015L000375 10025 J1 HEAD...

Page 22: ...K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 472 JT 021L247019 10225 R174 RES CF 1K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 102 JT 021L210019 10222 R182 RES CF 100K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 104 JT 021L210039 10228 R183 RES TFC 220 OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L622009 10124 R184 RES CF 5 6K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM 021L256019 10226 R185 RES CF 5 6K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM 021L256019 10226 R187 RES CF 12 KOHM 1 16...

Page 23: ...0V 5 NPO 003L547063 10003 C16 CHIP CAP 1608 47PF 50V 5 NPO 003L547063 10003 C17 CAP CSM 47 P J 50 V 0402 COG MURATA 003L884705 05360 C18 CAP CSM 47 P J 50 V 0402 COG MURATA 003L884705 05360 C19 CAP CSM 1000P K 10 V 0402 X7R 003L211021 01388 C20 CAP CSM 1 N K 50 V 0603 X7R MURATA 003L211025 01568 C21 CAP CSM 1000P K 10 V 0402 X7R 003L211021 01388 C22 CAP CSM 1 N K 50 V 0603 X7R MURATA 003L211025 01...

Page 24: ...NPO ROHS 003L152205 05560 C67 CAP CSM 18 P J 50 V 0603 COG MURATA GRM1885C1H180J 003L881805 05561 C68 CAP CSM 22 P J 50 V 0402 NPO 003L152205 05302 C69 CAP CSM 22 P J 50 V 0402 NPO 003L152205 05302 C70 CAP CSM 68 P J 50 V 0603 NPO 003L156805 05564 C71 CAP CSM 82 P J 50 V 0402 COG MURATA GRM1555C1H820J 003L888205 05363 C72 CAP CSM 22 P J 50 V 0603 NPO ROHS 003L152205 05560 C73 CAP CSM 8 P D 50 V 04...

Page 25: ...OG MURATA GMR155C1H471JA01D 003L884715 05368 C104 CAP CSM 1 5 P C 50 V 0402 COG MURATA GRM155C1H1R5CZ01D 003L881595 06368 C105 CAP CSM 100 P J 50 V 0402 COG MURATA 003L881015 05365 C106 CAP CSM 100 P J 50 V 0402 COG MURATA 003L881015 05365 C107 CAP CSM 100 P J 50 V 0402 COG MURATA 003L881015 05365 C108 CAP CSM 10 N K 25 V 0402 X7R MURATA ROHS 003L211032 51364 C110 CAP CSM 2 P C 50 V 0402 COG MURAT...

Page 26: ...G181J50 ROHS 003L881815 05363 C157 CAP CSM 3 P C 50 V 0402 COG 003L883095 06367 C158 CAP CSM 5 P C 50 V 0402 COG 003L885095 06361 C159 CAP CSM 5 P C 50 V 0402 COG 003L885095 06361 C160 CAP CSM 1 P C 50 V 0402 COG MURATA GRM155C1H1R0CZ01D 003L881095 06363 C161 CAP CSM 1 P C 50 V 0402 COG MURATA GRM155C1H1R0CZ01D 003L881095 06363 C162 CAP CSM 3 3 N K 50 V 0402 X7R MURAT GRM155R71H332KA01D 003L213325...

Page 27: ... KEC KDS226 010L220226 90001 D15 DIODE SW 80 V 100M SOT 23 KEC KDS226 010L220226 90001 D16 DIODE SW 85 V 450M SOT 23 PHILIPS BAW56 010L22BAW5 60006 D17 DIODE SW 85 V 450M SOT 23 PHILIPS BAW56 010L22BAW5 60006 D18 DIODE ZNR 5 1V 5 MA SC 76 ROHM UDZS 5 1B ROHS 010L21051B 04008 F1 FLTR 160M 20 60 HDF111 201L160600 30000 F2 FLTR 160M 20 60 HDF111 201L160600 30000 J2 JACK STER F VERT D2 6 SMD TG 2866D ...

Page 28: ...1YK HITACHI ROHS 023L234901 30003 Q4 TRS BJN RF SOT23 2SC4901YK HITACHI ROHS 023L234901 30003 Q5 TRS BJN RF SOT23 2SC4901YK HITACHI ROHS 023L234901 30003 Q6 TRS MFN PW RD07MVS1 MITSUBISHI ROHS 023L07MVSA 30008 Q7 TRS BJN RF SOT23 2SC4901YK HITACHI ROHS 023L234901 30003 Q8 TRS MFN RF SC 82AB 3SK318 HITACHI 023L3K318A 18409 Q10 TRS BJN SS SOT 23 MMBT3904LT1 ROHS 023L233904 T0007 Q11 TRS BJN SS SOT 2...

Page 29: ...RES 1608 3 3 OHM 1 10W 5 021L503373 10006 R28 CHIP RES 1608 3 3 OHM 1 10W 5 021L503373 10006 R29 RES TFC 33K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L633029 10125 R30 RES TFC 36K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L636029 10121 R31 RES TFC 3 3K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L633019 10127 R32 RES CF 8 2K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM 021L282019 10227 R33 RES CF 100K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 104 JT 021L210039 10228 R34 RES CF 100...

Page 30: ... TFC 56 OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L656099 10123 R71 RES CF 100 OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 101 JT 021L210009 10224 R72 RES TFC 56 OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L656099 10123 R73 RES TFC 56 OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L656099 10123 R74 RES TFC 150K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L615039 10121 R75 RES TFC 150K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L615039 10121 R76 RES TFC 3 3K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L633019 10127 R78 RES TFC...

Page 31: ... RES CF 10K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 103 JT 021L210029 10220 R121 RES TFC 3 3K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L633019 10127 R124 RES CF 10K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 103 JT 021L210029 10220 R125 RES CF 10K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 103 JT 021L210029 10220 R126 RES TFC 2 2K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L622019 10122 R127 RES CF 10K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 103 JT 021L210029 10220 ...

Page 32: ...16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 103 JT 021L210029 10220 R179 RES TFC 1 2K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200 021L612019 10129 R180 RES CF 100K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 104 JT 021L210039 10228 R181 RES CF 1M OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 105 JT 021L210049 10226 R186 RES CF 5 6K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM 021L256019 10226 R191 RES CF 10K OHM 1 16W J 0402 200PPM ASJ CR10 103 JT 021L210029 10220 R192 RES TFC 27K...

Page 33: ...IC TM832EUL ABS BLK 3U2X ROHS 054L004485C011 15 PLAS LATCH PC BLK 3U2X TM832EUL ROHS 056L006976D017 5 PLAS PLATE KEYBOARD MOUNT PMMA TM832EUL ROHS 056L006977D014 16 METAL LOCK PIN T01 S S TM883USL ROHS 063L003951 011 32 VOL NUT M7 2 0mm CU 064L570200 30009 37 ANTENNA NUT 1 4 9 0 1 8mm CU 064L590181 30005 NUT RD M7 0 P0 75 CU NI VOL TM832EUL SEND TO VENDOR ROHS 064L975531 01008 19 SCREW TS D2 6L10 ...

Page 34: ...IT COBRA US BLK REV 0 A28P1030202L0000 TM832EUL CRADLE CHG PCBA COBRA EU BLK REV 0 A28P2030112L0007 D01 DIODE IN4001 010L124001 20007 J1 JACK PWR M HORZ D1 3 SEIKO DC 005 CHG 019L11C005 20006 Q01 TRS BJP PW TO92 2SB772 P NEC ROHS 023LSB7726 34116 Q2 TRS BJN SS TO92 KTC9014C KEC ROHS 023L9014C2 62118 Q3 TRS BJN SS TO92 KTC9014C KEC ROHS 023L9014C2 62118 R01 RES MF 6 8 OHM 1 W J AXL FR100 L11 D4 0MM...

Page 35: ... 086L6MR340 P0001 LABEL SENSORMATIC DEVICE TM832EUL ROHS 087G008160 012 LABEL CHECK POINT DEVICE TM832EUL ROHS 087G008161 019 LABEL WARNING TM832EUL NI MH BATTERY ROHS 087L008068 021 LABEL SN TM832USL ROHS 087L008082 011 LABEL ST LENS PROTECT FILM TM832USL ROHS 087L008185 013 LABEL FCC TM832USL GIFT BOX ROHS 087L008207 014 BAG PE 550 550 0 08MM TM832USL ROHS 088L003536 024 PE PVC BAG 90 150MM T 0 ...

Page 36: ... 4 5 6 7 1 8 14 13 12 11 10 9 15 16 16TSSOP PIN FUNCTION 1 1 OSC 2 2 OSC 3 MIXER OUT 4 VCC 5 IF IN 6 BY PASS 7 FILTER OUTPUT 8 FILTER INPUT 9 AUDIO 10 DISCRIMINATOR 11 IF OUTPUT 12 RSSI 13 COMP OUTPUT 14 COMP INPUT 15 GND 16 MIXER U BA FV 1 4116 36 ...

Page 37: ...U NJM M 2 2904 PIN FUNCTION 1 A OUTPUT 2 A INPUT 3 A INPUT 4 GND 5 B INPUT 6 B INPUT 7 B OUTPUT 8 V 2 1 3 1 VOUT 2 VSS 3 VIN Delay Circuitry Vref VSS VOUT VIN U3 XC61FC4012MR 37 ...

Page 38: ...U U S 4 5 324 U SIT B R DPLL 6 8825 01 090 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 14 13 12 11 10 9 15 16 16TSSOP Fin1 Vcc CP1 GND LD CK DATA EN Fin2 Vcc CP2 GND SW OSC1 OSCO BO 38 ...

Page 39: ...U7 M38C29FFAHP60K 39 ...

Page 40: ...U7 M38C29FFAHP60K 40 ...

Page 41: ...U8 XC6204B502MR 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 A0 A1 A2 GND VCC WP SCL SDA U AT C N 9 24 16 41 ...

Page 42: ...1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NC V OUTPUT GND GND NC INPUT INPUT 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 8 NC V OUTPUT GND GND NC INPUT INPUT BIAS 300 50K 100K U11 NJM2070 U401 HT1621 DICE 42 ...

Page 43: ...2SC4097R 2 2 302 SK 1 3 1 2 2SK3078 1 3 2 Terminal No 1 Drain output 2 Source GND 3 Gate input RD MVS 07 1 1 2 3 Drain Gate Source 2 1 3 2SK210Y TRANSISTOR LEAD IDENTIFICATION 1 Gate 1 2 Gate 2 3 Drain 4 Source 1 Base 2 Emitter 3 Collector 1 Gate 2 Drain 3 Source 1 Gate 2 Source 3 Drain 3 2 43 ...

Page 44: ...1 2 3 Emitter Base Collector KTC9014 2 1 3 2 772 SB P 1 2 3 Emitter Collector Base 44 ...

Page 45: ... 0 48 0 4 70 4 80 0 40 7 20 U3 XC61FC4012MR PIN 1 2 3 Tx V 5 00 0 5 00 Rx V 5 00 0 5 00 U4 S324 PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Tx V 4 80 1 86 1 86 1 86 1 86 1 86 1 86 0 1 78 Rx V Pulse 1 56 1 30 4 80 PIN 13 14 Tx V 1 80 1 80 Rx V 5 00 0 U5 S324 PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rx V 1 70 1 70 1 70 4 80 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 38 0 1 70 PIN 13 14 Rx V 1 70 1 70 VOLTAGE CHART 45 ...

Page 46: ...3 0 PIN 13 14 15 16 GND VCC FIN2 Rx V 0 0 4 82 4 82 U8 XC6204B502MR PIN 1 2 3 4 5 VIN VSS VOUT Rx V 7 20 0 7 20 0 4 99 U9 AT24C16BN SH T PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A0 A1 A2 GND SDA SCL WP VCC Tx V 0 0 0 0 4 98 0 0 4 99 U11 NJM2070M PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NC IN FIL GND GND OUT VCC NC Rx V 0 0 0 60 0 0 3 26 7 16 0 VOLTAGE CHART CONTINUED 46 ...

Page 47: ...0 6 64 6 61 7 20 4 91 Rx V 4 90 4 90 0 5 00 0 6 64 6 61 7 20 4 91 PIN B E C B E C B E C SPK ON 6 58 7 20 7 20 4 99 4 28 6 65 4 96 4 28 7 20 PIN B E C B E C B E C Tx V 4 00 4 90 4 54 4 95 4 18 4 72 Rx V 0 68 0 0 4 95 4 18 4 72 Q24 MMBT3906LT1 Q20 2SC4097R Q21 MMBT3904LT1 Q11 MMBT3904LT1 Q10 MMBT3904LT1 Q18 MPS8550S Q16 MPS8550S Q14 2SK210Y VOLTAGE CHART CONTINUED Q1 2SC4901YK Q2 2SC4901YK Q3 2SC490...

Page 48: ...PIN B E C Tx V 3 48 4 10 4 10 Rx V CHARGER PIN B E C B E C B E C Charging 10 00 12 00 8 20 0 70 0 0 0 0 11 00 Standby 12 00 12 00 0 0 0 0 70 0 70 0 0 VOLTAGE CHART CONTINUED Q01 2SB772 P Q2 KTC9014C Q3 KTC9014C Q23 2SC4097R Q26 MMBT3906LT1 Q27 MMBT3904LT1 48 ...

Page 49: ...n C155 390P C95 10n R58 56K D16 BAW56 R186 5 6K R127 10K C61 1n C131 100n C130 100n C134 100n C55 1n CALL BEEP AF SW SAVE RX SW R41 100K C88 10n C144 220P CALL BEEP 1050 Hz ATIS R84 15K CPU V 5 C153 1 8n C154 2 2n R42 100K R16 4 7K VCC V 5 4 6 5 7 8 1 3 2 VR3 10K 2 1 Y 1 2 0 Y 2 3 1 Y 3 3Z 4 3 0 Y 5 E 6 VEE 7 GND 8 S3 9 S2 10 S1 11 1 0 Y 12 1 1 Y 13 1Z 14 2Z 15 Vcc 16 U10 Q10 BT3904 R11 4 7K R10 4...

Page 50: ...9 39 S8 40 S7 41 S6 42 S5 43 S4 44 S3 45 S2 46 S1 47 S0 48 U401 HT1621 Vccd 1 LED 2 Reset 3 MISO 4 MOSI 5 Sclk 6 SS 7 Vssa 8 Analn 9 MIC 10 MIC 11 Vssp2 12 SP 13 Vccp 14 SP 15 Vssp1 16 AUD AUX 17 AGC 18 VOL 19 R osc _ 20 Vcca 21 FT 22 Play 23 REC 24 Erase 25 R osc _ 26 INT RDY 27 Vssd 28 U402 ISD1730 R401 4 7k Vcc DATA CLK CS Vcc R406 62K C402 100n Vcc C407 100n Vcc C403 100n AF in AF out R403 100...

Page 51: ...R03 5 6K R04 1K R01 8 2R R02 1 2K Q03 9014 Q01 BD438 D01 1 4001 N LED RED GREEN INPUT V 11 15 R07 470 Q02 9014 R06 560 R05 470 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM CHARGER 51 ...