Fastora DAS-208CC, User Manual

Page 1: ...FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array User Guide For Ultra160 to Ultra160 RAID Subsystem V 1 0a ...

Page 2: ...ion against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used according to the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or tele...

Page 3: ...on for the data stored on the array And thanks to today s powerful disk technology one RAID system can now provide the capacity more than 1TB in a large cabinet This offers a wealth of significant advantages that would be attractive to almost any serious PC users Equipped with eight half height 3 5 disk drives in hot swappable canisters the FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array provides mass data capacity ...

Page 4: ...r maintenance Over 160MB sec sequential performance 1 3 Unpacking Your FASTORA DAS 208CC Before removing your FASTORA DAS 208CC from the shipping carton you should virtually inspect the physical condition of the container The package of FASTORA DAS 208CC should appear in good condition when you first received it If any damaged found do not remove the components Contact the place of purchase for fu...

Page 5: ...container and packing material for reuse Before you begin to use your FASTORA DAS 208CC read section 1 4 Components of the FASTORA DAS 208CC to learn more about the major components or your RAID Disk Array Items Quantity FASTORA DAS 208CC unit 1 Drive Canister 8 Ultra 3 Wide SCSI Cable 2 Power Cord 2 RS 232 Cable 1 Spare screws 40 Note ...

Page 6: ...cribes the major components of the FASTORA DAS 208CC including its front panel LED display panel and rear panel Read this section before you start to use your RAID Disk Array Subsystem 1 4 1 The Front Panel Please refer to Figure 1 1 for the front panel of DAS 208CC Disk Array Figure 1 1 ...

Page 7: ...an temperature of the Disk Array Meanwhile control buttons allow you to use Up and Down arrow keys to go through the information on the LCM display screen The ENTER button is used to enter the option you have selected and the ESC button can take you back to the previous menu Please refer to Table 1 1 for detailed information of each status For the status of each hard disk in Disk Array please refe...

Page 8: ...interface Firmware Version v 1 0 Indicates the version of the firmware Serial Number xxxxxxxxxxxxx Indicates the serial number of the RAID controller ZzZZZzzz Indicates the random display when parity checking z A single z appearing at the right end of the LCD panel eg 11112222z indicates that memory is not enough during read write Please note that RPM under 2200 will be considered fan failure repl...

Page 9: ...ail Fan1 Failed LCD show Fan module 2 fail Fan2 Failed LCD show power module 1 fail PW1 Malfunction LCD show power module 2 fail PW2 Malfunction Table 1 4 Function FAN status Condition FAN 1 FAN 2 Temperature Sensor at 30 6000 rpm 6000 rpm Temperature Sensor at 31 35 6200 rpm 6200 rpm Temperature Sensor at 36 40 6800 rpm 6800 rpm Temperature Sensor over 40 Full Speed 6800 Full Speed 6800 FAN 1 fai...

Page 10: ... to a modem Console port This is a RS 232 serial port allowing you to connect to a terminal or a PC You may configure this disk array and upgrade the firmware and RAID Primary and Secondary Channels DAS 208CC has two host channels primary and secondary to allow you to connect to SCSI devices Fan There are 2 fans located at the rear of the system unit They are designed to provide good airflow and h...

Page 11: ...upplies located at the rear of the subsystem If two of the power supplies are in use and one fails to function an audible alarm will warn you of the power failure Power Cord Slot These are where you connect power cords to power socket ...

Page 12: ...computer prior to beginning FASTORA DAS 208CC installation See your operating system manuals for the configuration procedures for the host bus adapter 2 1 1 Disk Drive SCSI IDs SCSI devices communicate and exchange data by addressing each other s SCSI ID an unique number assigned to each device The disk array has four SCSI channels two for hosts and the other two for the drives The disk array cont...

Page 13: ...2 for details 2 1 2 Terminating Disk Drive Channels All SCSI buses must be terminated at each end Termination absorbs electrical signals and prevents those signals from bouncing back along the bus and causing interference The SCSI drive channels of FASTORA DAS 208CC have been terminated inside the chassis on the back plane There is no need to terminate the disk drives ...

Page 14: ...es on the host bus as well as the host adapter 2 1 5 Host Bus Termination The disk array is shipped with host channel buses terminated If the disk array is not the last device on the host bus you must turn off termination from the LCD panel or a terminal 2 1 6 Back Plane The back plane of FASTORA DAS 208CC is specifically designed to furnish the stability of voltage and provide the reliability for...

Page 15: ... the disk drive and set the jumper instructing the drive to wait for START UNIT command E g Seagate calls this option Enable Motor Start IBM calls this option setting Enable Auto Spin Up Figure 2 1 shows the disk drive and canister of DAS 208CC Disk Array Figure 2 1 Disk Drive and Canister Second use four screws to fasten the drive to the drive canister Please note that you fasten the drive at the...

Page 16: ...08CC Disk Array Figure 2 2 DAS 208CC Disk Array provides eight slots that enable you to utilize eight disk drives Insert each slot to the drive canister of Disk Array system will automatically check all available disks ...

Page 17: ...onsists of a two lines 16 character LCD display two LED indicators four push buttons and a reset button allowing users to configure and monitor the operation of the disk array A menu of configuration options will appear on the display By using the Up arrow Down arrow ESC and ENTER buttons users can traverse various menu levels and configure his desired parameters The function of the buttons is des...

Page 18: ...ation information a terminal connected via a modem or direct serial interface displays all information pertinent to a particular function on a larger terminal screen In addition the help information which is impractical to be shown on the LCD panel is also available on the terminal 3 2 1 Connecting a Terminal Located at the rear of the disk array a RS 232 connector marked as Console can be used to...

Page 19: ...ckly as possible you may refer to Section 4 1 2 Quick setup via Terminal Configuration 3 2 2 Using PC for Terminal Emulation If you do not have a dedicated terminal you can still use a PC configured as a terminal running a terminal emulation program Microsoft Windows and Windows 95 both have built in terminal emulation support Please select ANSI terminal as the terminal type for the terminal emula...

Page 20: ...ion Mode and Configuration Mode We will discuss each of the RAID disk array operation mode in the following sections 3 3 1 Self Diagnostic Mode To ensure flawless operation the disk array has a built in self diagnostic utility Self diagnostics will be performed automatically upon power up of the disk array or right after you restart the unit In this mode of operation all components will be tested ...

Page 21: ...panel or via a terminal Note that you are entering the configuration mode whenever you are pressing the SEL button during the Operation Mode If you wish to enter to the configuration mode from a terminal simply use the TAB key to take you to your desired mode 1 You cannot enter the configuration Mode from LCD panel and Terminal at the same time 2 You will be prompted to enter your password if the ...

Page 22: ...wing menus Quick Setup Edit RAID Set Edit SCSI Chan View Config Configurations RS 232 Params Parameters User Params Parameters Save Config Configurations Restart and Utilities We will navigate the main tree in this section Figure 3 1 shows the main menu screen when configuring through a terminal Figure 3 1 ...

Page 23: ...23 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array 3 4 1 Hierarchical Structure of Main Menu ...

Page 24: ...ay 3 4 2 Quick Setup Quick Setup allows users to quickly setup the RAID level and choose the desired drives FASTORA DAS 208CC provides the following RAID levels for the users Level 5 Level 3 Level 1 Level 0 and Level 0 1 Figure 3 2 ...

Page 25: ...ber of disks to be included in the RAID Configuration See Figure 3 3 Edit RAID Set Menu Screen Figure 3 3 The brief explanation of the selection item of Edit RAID Set menus is listed below 2 Edit RAID Set To create RAID sets and partitions 21 RAID Set 1 The first RAID set 211 Level 5 To Assign RAID level and select the number of drives 212 Level 3 ...

Page 26: ...ion 3 219 Partition 4 21A Del RAID Set To delete the RAID set 22 RAID Set 2 The second RAID set 221 Level 5 To assign RAID level and select the number of drives 222 Level 3 223 Level 1 224 Level 0 225 Level 0 1 226 Partition 1 To create partitions and assign the strip size 227 Partition 2 228 Partition 3 229 Partition 4 22A Del RAID Set To delete the RAID set ...

Page 27: ... Partition 1 To create partitions and assign the strip size 237 Partition 2 238 Partition 3 239 Partition 4 23A Del RAID Set To delete the RAID set 24 RAID Set 4 The fourth RAID set 241 Level 5 To assign RAID level and select the drives 242 Level 3 243 Level 1 244 Level 0 245 Level 0 1 246 Partition 1 To create partitions and assign the size 247 Partition 2 248 Partition 3 ...

Page 28: ...28 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array 249 Partition 4 24A Del RAID Set To delete the RAID set ...

Page 29: ...els See Figure 3 4 Edit SCSI Channel Menu Screen Figure 3 4 Read the following explanation before you started to configure the SCSI ID Terminator and Tag Queue 3 Edit Chan To assign information to host and drive channels 31 Host Chan 1 To assign information to the first host channel and map the LUNs 311 SCSI ID To assign SCSI ID Setting 0 15 ...

Page 30: ...Default ENABLE 313 Tag Queue Setting ENABLE DISABLE Default ENABLE 314 Speed To select the transfer rate 80 40 20MB sec Setting Ultra 2 Ultra Fast Default Ultra 2 315 LUN 0 To map the LUN to the partition 316 LUN 1 317 LUN 2 318 LUN 3 319 LUN 4 31A LUN 5 31B LUN 6 31C LUN 7 32 Host Chan 2 To assign information to the second host channel and map the LUNs 321 SCSI ID To assign SCSI ID Setting 0 15 ...

Page 31: ...lt ENABLE 323 Tag Queue Setting ENABLE DISABLE Default ENABLE 324 Speed To select the transfer rate 80 40 20MB sec Setting Ultra 2 Ultra Fast Default Ultra 2 325 LUN 0 To map the LUN to the partition 326 LUN 1 327 LUN 2 328 LUN 3 329 LUN 4 32A LUN 5 32B LUN 6 32C LUN 7 33 Disk Chan 1 Settings of the first drive channel 331 Wide Setting ENABLE DISABLE Default ENABLE 332 Speed Setting Fast Ultra Ult...

Page 32: ...32 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array Default Ultra 2 34 Disk Chan 2 Settings of the second drive channel 341 Wide Setting ENABLE DISABLE Default ENABLE 342 Speed Setting Fast Ultra Ultra 2 Default Ultra 2 ...

Page 33: ...host channel with the View Configuration Menu See Figure 3 5 View Configuration Menu Screen Figure 3 5 The expansion of the selection item of View Config menu is listed below 4 View Config To view the information of the system 41 RAID Set 1 To view the information of RAID set 42 RAID Set 2 43 RAID Set 3 ...

Page 34: ...34 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array 44 RAID Set 4 45 Host Chan 1 To view the information of host channel 46 Host Chan 2 ...

Page 35: ...it Data bit and parity for the modem port and terminal port See Figure 3 6 RS 232 Parameters Menu Screen Figure 3 6 The expansion of the selection item of RS 232 Params menu is listed below 5 RS232 Params 51 MODEM Port 511 Baud Rate Settings 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 Default 38400 512 Stop Bit Settings 1 2 Default 1 ...

Page 36: ...fault 8 514 Parity Settings None Odd Even Default None 52 Terminal Port 521 Baud Rate Settings 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 115200 Default 115200 522 Stop Bit Settings 1 2 Default 1 523 Data Bit Settings 7 8 Default 8 524 Parity Settings None Odd Even Default None ...

Page 37: ... as well as FAX information See Figure 3 7 User Parameter Menu Screen Figure 3 7 The expansion of the selection item of User Parameter menu is listed below 6 User Parameter 61 Passwd Info To set up a Password 611 Passwd Check Settings ENABLE DISABLE Default DISABLE 612 Set Passwd Settings Up to 16 alphanumeric characters Default 00000000 ...

Page 38: ...er2 No Settings Up to 16 numeric characters Default None 624 Code Settings Up to 16 alphanumeric character for paging message Default None 625 Repeat Settings 5 10 15 and 20 Default 5 626 Interval Settings 5 10 15 20 minutes Default 5 627 Paging Now Settings Yes No Default No 63 FAX Info To Set up FAX function 631 FAX Settings ENABLE DISABLE Default DISABLE 632 FAX Class Settings 1 2 Default 2 ...

Page 39: ...e 635 Retry Settings 5 10 15 and 20 Default 5 636 FAX Now Settings Yes No Default No 64 Company Info To used to enter Log information with the FAX 641 String 1 Settings Up to 16 alphanumeric characters Default None 642 String 2 Settings Up to 16 alphanumeric characters Default None 65 Modem Init String Settings Up to 16 alphanumeric characters for MODEM initialization Default AT D0 ...

Page 40: ... Save Configurations This menu is use to save the information related to the controller Any changes made must be saved to take effect See Figure 3 8 Save Configurations Menu Screen below Figure 3 8 7 Save Config Settings Yes No Default No ...

Page 41: ...41 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array 3 4 9 Restart This is where you can reboot the controller See Figure 3 9 Restart Menu Screen Figure 3 9 8 Restart Settings Yes No Default No ...

Page 42: ...ve a hard disk rebuild a failed disk stop the operation of the Modem expand the capacity of disk array on line and update the RAID controller firmware Figure 3 10 Shows the Utilities Menu Screen Figure 3 10 The expansion of the selection item of the Utilities menu is listed below 9 Utilities 91 Beeper To control audio alarm function Settings ENABLE DISABLE Default DISABLE ...

Page 43: ...ttings Depending on the disk slot Default None 94 Remove Drive To remove a hard disk Settings Depending on the disk slot Default None 95 Rebuild Drive To rebuild a failed disk Settings Yes No Default No 96 Rebuild Mode Settings Write Verify Write Default Write Verify 97 Stop Modem To stop the operation of the Modem Settings Yes No Default No 98 Expand RAID To expand the capacity of disk array on l...

Page 44: ... Array 981 RAID Set 1 982 RAID Set 2 983 RAID Set 3 984 RAID Set 4 9A Write Cache To update the RAID controller firmware Settings Write Back Write Through Default Write Back 9B Update ROM To update the RAID controller firmware ...

Page 45: ...r Multiple Partitions Setting up Host and Disk Channels Spare Drives designation Setting Up Alert Functions Rebuilding a Failed Disk Drive Deleting a RAID Set or a Partition of RAID Set 4 1 Quick Setup The quick setup is intended as a shortcut so that experienced users can get started as quickly as possible You will learn how to quickly set up your FASTORA DAS 208CC from the LCD panel or a termina...

Page 46: ...lect your desired number for your Password You will receive a Main Menu option screen once you enter a correct password See Figure 4 2 Figure 4 1 Enter Passwd 0XXXXXXX Figure 4 2 Main Menu 1 Quick Setup Step 2 Press SEL to confirm your selection This will bring you to set the RAID level of the disk array Use UP and DOWN button to select the RAID level Press SEL to confirm your selection again Figu...

Page 47: ... one hot spare hard disk in the RAID Press UP and DOWN buttons to select the correct number of your desired hard disks Then press Enter to confirm your selection See Figure 4 4 Figure 4 4 11 Level 5 111 Disk Num 7 Step 4 You will receive a message of NO displayed in the LCD screen See Figure 4 5 below Press the UP and DOWN button to change NO to YES You will see a screen shown as Figure 4 6 Press ...

Page 48: ... 4 6 111 Disk Num 7 YES Step 5 The controller will start to initialize the RAID sets After initializing the RAID set the subsystem is ready for the host OS to perform high level format Figure 4 7 shows the result of the Initialization Figure 4 7 Initial 1 5 RAID Ready ...

Page 49: ...ect one end of the supplied RS 232 cable to the COM port of your terminal or PC and the other end to Console port Step 2 Plug the multiport cable to the port marked as AUX at the rear of the disk array Step 3 From the windows desktop click on Start Programs Accessories Communications Hyper Terminal to connect your terminal to the disk array See Figure 4 8 Figure 4 8 ...

Page 50: ...S 208CC Disk Array Step 4 Change the setting of the terminal to match the default settings of FASTORA DAS 208CC See Figure 4 9 namely Baud rate 115 200 Data bit 8 Stop bit 1 Parity None Flow Control None Figure 4 9 ...

Page 51: ...51 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array Step 5 Press Control D to receive the following RAID Console screen Figure 4 10 Figure 4 10 ...

Page 52: ...52 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array Step 6 Press TAB and Enter key a password screen will prompt up See Figure 4 11 Then enter the password Default Password 00000000 Figure 4 11 ...

Page 53: ...53 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array Step 7 Highlight Quick Setup and then press Enter Use key A and Z to highlight your desired RAID level and then press Enter to select the option See Figure 4 12 and 4 13 ...

Page 54: ...54 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array Figure 4 13 ...

Page 55: ...8CC Disk Array Step 8 Highlight the number of hard disk you want to use and then press choose Yes to confirm your option See Figure 4 14 Note that you need to restart your disk array to activate the settings Figure 4 14 ...

Page 56: ...56 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array Step 9 The controller will start to initialize the RAID sets After initializing the RAID set the subsystem is ready for the host OS to perform high level format ...

Page 57: ...maximum for mapping the RAID partitions In the following section we will outline the steps needed to create RAID sets with multiple partitions and then maps them to different host channels For example you want to create a disk array with two RAID sets The first RAID set has two partitions using three drives with RAID level 5 and the second one has only one partition using two drives with RAID leve...

Page 58: ...ssword Follow the previous step to enter all the characters for the password After entering the correct password you will be presented with the Main Menu Alternatively from the terminal press TAB and CTRL D to refresh to screen and press TAB to the left LCD window for the desired selection The right OUTPUT window will display messages from the RAID You can press CTRL D at any time to refresh the s...

Page 59: ...the LCD is shown in the rectangle in the remainder of this manual The terminal emulation will display detailed information on the monitor in a similar way Enter Passwd 0XXXXXXX From the Main Menu use A or Z key of the keyboard to move to Edit RAID Set function Main Menu 2 Edit RAID Set Press Enter to select 2 Edit RAID Set 21 RAID Set 1 Note ...

Page 60: ...this sample we select RAID level 5 for the RAID set 1 Suppose the size of each hard disk is 2GB The monitor shows 211 Level 5 2111 S1 2063MB Press Enter key 2111 S1 2063MB Yes Move to Yes and press Enter This will add the hard disk in the 1st slot to the RAID set 1 The menu moves to 211 Level 5 2112 S2 2063MB Press Enter key ...

Page 61: ...3MB Press Enter key 2113 S3 2063MB Yes Move to Yes and press Enter All the three hard disks now have been added to the RAID set 1 Press Esc and back to the menu 21 RAID Set 1 Move the selection to 21 RAID Set 1 216 Partition 1 This is to partition the size of the first three hard disks into two partitions Now press Enter ...

Page 62: ...on 2 and then select 3171 Size MB The remaining size of this RAID set will be shown on the screen and you can enter the size you want In our case just press Enter to choose the remaining capacity for the partition 2 RAID set 1 Following the similar procedure you can continue to configure another RAID set Once you have completed all the selections you can press ESC key repeatedly until you return t...

Page 63: ... In order to map the RAID sets to each of the host channels follow these steps Select Edit Chan menu item from the main menu Main Menu 3 Edit SCSI Chan Press Enter and move to Host Chan 1 3 Edit SCSI Chan 31 Host Chan 1 Select 31 Host Chan 1 31 Host Chan 1 311 SCSI ID ...

Page 64: ...SI host bus Your FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array ships with this option set to ENABLED and thus no external terminator needs to be attached to the Host connector 31 Host Chan 1 313 Tag Queue Move to 313 Tag Queue menu item Queue the SCSI commands in the controller Enabling tag queuing will improve the performance of the RAID If your SCSI host adapter has an option of enabling the tag queuing make sur...

Page 65: ... the RAID set 1 partition 2 31 Host Chan 1 316 LUN 1 Press Enter to select LUN 1 menu item then move to Array 1 Partition 2 316 LUN 1 Array 1 Partition 2 Press Enter to select the LUN 1 of host channel 1 for the RAID set 1 partition 2 Follow the similar procedure to setup the host channel 1 LUN2 for the RAID set 2 partition 1 the host channel 2 LUN 0 for the RAID set 1 partition 1 and the host cha...

Page 66: ...e 341 Wide and 342 Speed of 34 Disk Chan 2 Finally remember to save all the configuration information of the RAID and start to initialize the RAID If you leave the Main Menu without saving the configurations all changes made will be lost and you would have to set them again Press Esc until you reach the Main Menu move to 7 Save Config Main Menu 7 Save Config Press Enter and move to Yes 7 Save Conf...

Page 67: ...8CC Disk Array Press Enter and the RAID will begin to initialize the disks Initial 1 2 5 RAID Ready Where 1 2 is the first of the two RAID sets INIT OK RAID Ready Now the RAID is ready for the host OS high level format ...

Page 68: ...ng Up Alert Functions There are two alert functions provided by the disk array You could choose to send the warning messages to a fax or to a pager The steps needed to setup the functions are shown below Select the 6 User Params function from the main menu Main Menu 6 User Params Select the Page Info or FAX Info you wish to complete 6 User Params 62 Pager Setup Or 6 User Params 63 FAX Setup ...

Page 69: ...e 63 FAX Setup sub menu there are a few options to setup Refer to the Chapter 3 Configuration 631 FAX To enable or disable the paging function 632 FAX Class Set up the Class of FAX 633 FAX 1 No FAX to the first number 634 FAX 2 No If the FAX 1 number failed fax to this number 635 Retry Try to FAX number of times if it cannot get through 636 FAX Now Test the set up of the FAX function The contents ...

Page 70: ...menu 9 Utilities 93 Add Drive Select the Add Drive option press Enter and specify which slot has a newly installed disk drive FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array has all the slots numbered on the front panel HD1 HD8 For example the forth slot has a new disk 93 Add Drive 4 Select the 95 Rebuild Drive option from sub menu 9 Utilities 95 Rebuild Drive Press Enter and select YES option to begin the rebuild p...

Page 71: ...enu 4 View Config From the Array and Host options you can find out the partitions and mappings of the RAID set Select the 3 Edit SCSI Chan function from main menu Main Menu 3 Edit SCSI Chan If the partition 1 of RAID set 1 is mapped to LUN 0 of host channel 1 and LUN 1 of host channel 2 then we must delete Erase these two mappings first 3 Edit SCSI Chan 31 Host Chan 1 Use A or Z key on the keyboar...

Page 72: ... delete the partition mapping of the LUN 1 of the host channel 2 The next step is to delete the partition 1 of the RAID set 1 Since we have two partitions on the RAID set 1 we must delete the last one first If we just delete the second one we can still use the first partition if we want In our case both the partitions must be deleted Main Menu 2 Edit RAID Set From the Main Menu choose the 2 Edit R...

Page 73: ...delete the 2nd partition Follow the same procedure to delete the 1st partition of the RAID set 1 Or if you want to delete all partitions in the 2nd RAID set just choose 22 RAID Set 2 22A Del RAID Set to delete the whole RAID set Once you have completed all the selections select 7 Save Config from the Main Menu to update the information of the disk array Main Menu 7 Save Config ...

Page 74: ...74 FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array Choose 7 Save Config 7 Save Config Yes Select Yes to confirm the update of the RAID ...

Page 75: ...n be updated through the TERMINAL port using a PC running terminal emulation program The procedures are as below Select the 9 Utilities function from main menu From the 9B Update ROM option you could change the firmware of the disk array After the 9B Update ROM option is selected follows the messages as below to update the firmware Before downloading the new firmware shutdown the host computer sys...

Page 76: ...e the firmware Go the G must be upper case and o is lowercase Enter Go to reconfirm Go Programming count 0656 Done Verifying After the firmware updated FASTORA DAS 208CC Disk Array will restart automatically and perform the system initialization sequence All the RAID configuration data is still kept ...

Page 77: ... LED Panel 6 2 Alarm Signals Whenever there is a failed hard disk fan power supply or overheating condition the audio alarm will be triggered Red LEDs will light up indicating the part that has failed The LCD panel will also display a warning message To turn off the alarm signal from the controller enter the configuration mode 9 Utilities Æ 91 Audio Alarm of the controller to disable the beeper Pl...

Page 78: ...a at Berkeley David Patterson Garth Gibson and Randy Katz RAIDs were conceived to overcome the data reliability problems associated with disk storage subsystems while increasing various performance aspects Here we put a description of how each type of RAID operates plus its strengths and weaknesses An unavoidable drawback to all large groups of disk drives although disk MTBF figures range up to 25...

Page 79: ...o other shortcomings of RAID are shared with disk drives in general seek and latency Seek is the time it takes to move the read write R W heads to the location of the data and latency is the time it takes for the specific data to spin around under the R W head Average latency for a disk is a revolution RAID can make latency worse if as in RAID levels 2 and 3 multiple disks store the data and the d...

Page 80: ...having twice the disks required to store the data and does little to enhance performance A 4 RAID 2 Each disk in the array contributes one bit of the data transfer word e g a 32 bit word requires 32 data disks A solid state memory Error Checking and Correction ECC scheme called Hamming Code provides fault tolerance While Hamming Code requires several additional ECC disks 7 for 32 bits of data 8 fo...

Page 81: ...position is not known without more information In error correction in which bit line is in error is known parity may be generated for all lines except the one in error recreating the failed bit stream Disks are checked for read failure at the end of each physical block recorded on the surface of the disk called a sector when the error checking code ECC that was recorded with the data is compared t...

Page 82: ... Data transfer rates are the same per data file as single disk transfer rates but multiple as many as there are data disks files may be simultaneously read This generates a high read transaction rate and good aggregate read transfer rates However RAID 4 is seldom implemented because of the problems that ensue in the event of a read error or any write operation A RAID 4 write operation requires two...

Page 83: ...o all disks always with the corresponding data files on other disks This change allows multiple writes to take place as long as they don t collide at a particular disk e g in an eight disk RAID 5 environment as many as four concurrent writes could occur Each write still involves two disk revolutions Read transaction performance is excellent with as many concurrent reads possible as there are disks...

Page 84: ... Numbers in parenthesis indicate how many possible concurrent operations of that type are possible if more than 1 RAID type Read transaction rate Write transaction rate Transfer rate per read Transfer rate per write Parity ECC Disk overhead Transaction rate on failure Transfer rate on failure 1 2X 2 100 2 8X 8X 27 8X 3 4X 4X 20 4 4X 4 20 2 5 5X 2X 5 2 20 3X Compared to a single 8GB disk Varies wit...

Page 85: ...s Environment Monitor Power fan disk and temperature failure Power 300 Watts redundant power supplies with load sharing RAID Level 0 1 10 3 5 Multiple RAID Sets Yes Online Capacity Expansion Yes Rebuild Hot Spare Drives Automatically and transparently Drive Hot Swap Yes Drive Insertion or removal Automatic detection and rebuilding Firmware Upgrade Via RS 232 port Management Tool LCD panel or RS 23...

Page 86: ...y over these drives In this appendix we will give some examples and show how this is done Backup Recommendations Before you expand the capacity of your existing RAID set we strongly recommend you have a current backup of data contained on the RAID This feature has only recently been implemented and has not been fully regression tested In order to avoid the loss of crucial data and programs you mus...

Page 87: ...expand the capacity of the previously configured disk array We will add three hard drives DRIVE6 DRIVE7 and DRIVE8 Each drive adds 2GB to the disk array Drives DRIVE6 and DRIVE7 will be added to array 1 partition 3 that maps to host channel 1 LUN 3 Drive DRIVE8 will be added to array 2 partition 1 that maps to host channel 2 LUN 1 ...

Page 88: ...in our examples The terminal emulation will display detailed information on a monitor in a similar way Enter Passwd 0XXXXXXX From the Main Menu use A or Z key of the keyboard move to the 9 Utilities function Main Menu 9 Utilities Press Enter to select 9 Utilities 98 Expand RAID Select the 98 Expand RAID and press Enter Select a RAID set to expand 98 Expand RAID 981 RAID Set 1 ...

Page 89: ...hard drives DRIVE1 DRIVE2 DRIVE3 DRIVE6 and DRIVE7 After initialization is complete we will update the disk array s configuration Select 2 Edit RAID Set Main Menu 2 Edit RAID Set Press Enter to select 2 Edit RAID Set 21 RAID Set 1 Select the 21 RAID Set 1 and press Enter to re configure the RAID set 21 RAID Set 1 218 Partition 3 We would like to create a third partition using the capacity of two n...

Page 90: ...nter Press ESC key to return to the main menu This partition needs to be mapped to the host channel 1 LUN 3 Select the 3 Edit SCSI Chan function from the main menu Main Menu 3 Edit SCSI Chan Press Enter and move to Host Chan 1 3 Edit SCSI Chan 31 Host Chan 1 Move to LUN 3 31 Host Chan 1 318 LUN 3 Press Enter to select LUN 3 then move to Array 1 Partition 3 318 LUN 3 Array 1 Partition 3 ...

Page 91: ...cond RAID set If you leave the Main Menu without saving configuration all changes made are lost and you have to start over again Press Esc until we reach the Main Menu move to 7 Save Config Main Menu 7 Save Config Press Enter and move to Yes 7 Save Config Yes Expanding Capacity of an Existing Partition We will show how to add one hard drive to the RAID set 2 partition 1 and keep the same partition...

Page 92: ...D Set 982 RAID Set 2 In this example we select RAID set 2 to add drive 8 to Move to the 982 RAID Set 2 menu option and press Enter The screen will show the number of drive s to add Select 1 to add one drive to the RAID set 2 The disk array will begin to initialize three hard drives drive 4 drive 5 and drive 8 After initialization is complete we will have to erase the previous host channel mapping ...

Page 93: ... move to 31 Host Chan 1 3 Edit SCSI Chan 31 Host Chan 1 Move to LUN 2 31 Host Chan 1 318 LUN 2 Press Enter to select Move to Erase and press Enter Then press Esc back to 4 Edit Chan move to 42 Host Chan 2 and press Enter to select 4 Edit Chan 42 Host Chan 2 Select 427 LUN 1 42 Host Chan 2 427 LUN 1 ...

Page 94: ...AID Set Press Enter to select 3 Edit RAID Set 32 RAID Set 2 Select the RAID Set 2 and press Enter to configure the RAID set 32 RAID Set 2 326 Partition 1 Select 326 Partition 1 326 Partition 1 3262 Delete Select 3262 Delete to delete the partition size and confirm with Yes Go back and select 3261 Size MB 326 Partition 1 3261 Size MB ...

Page 95: ...ray 2 Partition1 partition will be mapped to host channel 1 LUN 2 and host channels 2 LUN 1 Select 3 Edit SCSI Chan function from the main menu Main Menu 3 Edit SCSI Chan Press Enter and move to 31 Host Chan 1 3 Edit SCSI Chan 31 Host Chan 1 Move to 317 LUN 2 menu item 31 Host Chan 1 318 LUN 2 Press Enter to select LUN 2 then move to Array 2 Partition 1 317 LUN 2 Array 2 Partition 1 ...

Page 96: ... move to 32 Host Chan 2 3 Edit SCSI Chan 32 Host Chan 2 Press Enter and move to 427 LUN 1 32 Host Chan 2 326 LUN 1 Press Enter to select 326 LUN 1 then move to Array 2 Partition 1 326 LUN 1 Array 2 Partition 1 Press Enter to select Do not forget to save all the settings Press Esc until we reach the Main Menu move to 7 Save Config Main Menu 7 Save Config ...

Page 97: ... Partition Magic http www powerquest com or similar one can be used to expand the partition Do not run Windows NT Disk Administrator partition disk first Run the Partition Magic under DOS and then run Windows NT to partition the RAID set 2 partition 1 You will have the same drive letter but with more capacity If you want to do the same thing under UNIX you must have a program similar to Partition ...

Page 98: ...ix D Upgrade Cache Memory The disk array has default 64MB cache memory If you decide to upgrade cache memory it should meet the following specifications To install the cache memory please power off the disk array first Pins 144 Pins SO DIMM ...