HP 25, Owner'S Handbook Manual

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Page 2: ...an audio oscillator Today we offer more than 3 000 quality products designed and built for some aT me wOrla s most alscernlng customers Since we introd uced our first pocket calculator in 1972 we ve sold over 700 000 world wide Their owners include Nobel laureates astronauts mountain climbers businessmen doctors students and housewives Each of our pocket calculators is precision crafted and design...

Page 3: ...Printed in U S A HEWLETTiJPA CKARD HP 25 Owner s Handbook August 1975 00025 90001 Rev C 81 75 Hewlett Packard Company 1975 ...

Page 4: ... Chain Calculations 18 A Word About the HP 25 22 Section 2 Controlling the Display Display Control Keys Automatic Display Switching Keying In Exponents of Ten Calculator Overflow 25 25 30 31 33 Error Display 33 Section 3 The Automatic Memory Stack The Stack Initial Display Manipulating Stack Contents Clearing the Stack The mmm Key One Number Functions and the Stack Two Number Functions and the Sta...

Page 5: ... Program Running a Program GTO 00 Writing a Second Program Interrupting Program Execution Branching Editing a Program Program Applications Afterword 50 51 52 52 53 53 54 55 59 62 63 66 70 73 73 73 74 75 78 78 79 82 87 91 97 99 Appendix A Accessories Service and Maintenance 101 Standard Accessories 101 Optional Accessories 101 AC Line Operation 101 Battery Charging 102 Battery Operation 103 Battery...

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Page 7: ... standard deviation usi ng numbers totaled by Ell in storage registers R3through R page 68 mJ Roll down Rolls down contents of stack for viewing in displayed X register page 36 00Reciprocal Calculates reciprocal of the number in the display page 52 EStore Followed by number key stores displayed number in storage register 0 7 specified Followed by arithmetic operator key performs storage register a...

Page 8: ...and V registers to polar magnitude and angle page 62 Sine cosine and tangent Calculate the sine cosine or tangent of value in displayed X register page 59 Isino I J t304 Arc sine arc cosine arc tangent Calculate inverse trigonometric function of value in display page 59 Integer Leaves only integer portion of number in displayed X register by truncating fractional portion page 51 I FRAC IFraction L...

Page 9: ...OFF mmml ON PRGM mRUN I X3Y sin cos tan hId I I I II I X ty INT IT yx OM LJI FRAC 11 LJl ABS x y H MS LAST X PAUSE 0 II I I I _H em HEWLETT PACKARD 25 Display Storage Registers Ro R 1 I R2 M R 3 I 5 R6 I I R 7 I I Program Memory Automatic Stop 00 01 13 00 02 13 00 03 13 00 04 13 00 05 13 00 06 13 00 47 13 00 48 13 00 49 13 00 ...

Page 10: ...uted as part of a recorded program or individually by pressing from the keyboard Input numbers and answers are displayed except where indicated Pressed from keyboard 1 PRGM 1 Resets calculator so operations begin at step 00 of program memory page 78 1 RIS 1 Run stop Begins execution of a stored program Stops execution if program is running page 83 mI J Go to Followed by two d igit nu ber positions...

Page 11: ... step memory step when page 81 pressed displays I PAUSE IPause original contents of X register when Stops program released No execution for 1 second instructions are and displays contents executed page 93 of X register then resumes program Any key Pressing any execution page 84 key on the keyboard I I1C y l stops execution of a 1 lx ol program Conditionals Each tests value in x register against th...

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Page 13: ...t is remembered by the calcu lator You can then execute the program as often as you like No prior computer programming experience is necessary for H P 25 calculator programming To see the close relationship between the manual solution to a problem and a programmed solution let s solve a problem manually and then use a program to solve the same problem and others like it Manual Problem Solving To c...

Page 14: ...or and finally you run the program to calculate the answer Writing the Program You have already written it A program is nothing more than the series of keystrokes you would execute to solve the same problem manually Recording the Program To record the keystrokes of the pro gram into the calculator I Slide the PRGM RUN switch PRGM RUN to PRGM program PRG 2 Press II a to clear the calculator 3 Press...

Page 15: ...310 miles Press Display 2310 116763852 56 1 Square miles For the moons Europa diameter 1950 miles and Callisto diameter 3220 miles Press 1950 3220 Display 1 11945906 07 132573289 27 Area of Europa in square miles Area of Callisto in square miles Programming the HP 25 is that easy The calculator remembers a series of keystrokes and then executes them when you press the key The early portions of thi...

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Page 17: ...you turn the calculator ON gives you two kinds of information I You see numbers as you key them in 2 You see all intermediate and final answers as they are calculated When you first turn the calculator ON the display is set to I 0 00 I to show you that all zeros are present there Keyboard Most keys on the keyboard perform three functions One func tion is indicated by the symbol on the flat face of...

Page 18: ...t is part of the number For example Key in 148 84 by pressing the keys Display 1148 84 The resultant number 148 84 is seen in the display Negative Numbers To key in a negative number press the keys for the number then press 6mI change sign The number preceded by a minus sign will appear in the display For example to change the sign of the number now in the display Press Display 6mI 1 148 84 You ca...

Page 19: ...ompassing rule When you press a function key the calculator immediately executes the f unction written on that key Pressing a function key causes the calculator to im mealalelY perrorm mal runcllon For example to calculate the square root of 148 84 merely Press 148 84 a Display 1148 84 1148 84 112 20 To square the result Press Display iii 112 20 ZJ 1 1 48 8 4 i and ZJ are examples ofone number fun...

Page 20: ...e iifl key J 3204100 11790 00 log 12 58925411 1 1 1 0 71 2 L 1 5 0 41 0 0 _ J Two Number Functions Two number functions are functions that must have two num bers present in order for the operation to be performed G 0 and EJare examples of two number function keys because you cannot add subtract multiply or divide unless there are two numbers present in the calculator Two number function s work the...

Page 21: ...second number I ne tuncllon The answer 1 1S 00 I is displayed Other arithmetic functions are performed the same way To perform Press Display 12 3 12lmm3El 1 9 00 1 12 x 3 12 miim3 0 136 00 I 12 3 12 miim3 El 1 4 00 1 The LJ key is also a two number operation It is used to raise numbers to powers and you can use it in the same simple way that you use every other two number function key I Key in the...

Page 22: ...power I 65536 00 16 25 4th root of 16 I 2 _ 0 _0 __ Chain Calculations You could also have done this as a one number function using 0 You could also have done this as a one number function by usingD The speed and simplicity of operation of the HP 25 s Hewlett Packard logic system become most apparent during chain cal culations Even during the longest of calculations you still per form only one ope...

Page 23: ...em exactly the same way with the HP 25 one operation at a time You solve for the intermediate result first 12 3 Press Display 12 112 mmm 1 12 00 1 3 13 1 J 115 00 I Intermediate result and then solve for the final answer You don t need to press mmm to store the intermediate result the HP 25 auto matically stores it inside the calculator when you key in the next number To continue Press Display 7 1...

Page 24: ...ing a new number and an automatically stored intermediate result To solve 2 3 10 3 16 4 14 7 3 2 4 Press 2 mImm 3 El 10 El 16 mImm 4 El 3 o 14 mImm 7 3 El 2 El 4 El Display I 0 50 136 00 15 50 Problems that are even mo re complicated can be solved in the same simple manner using the automatic storage of intermedi ate results For example to solve 2 3 x 4 5 with a pencil and paper you would ...

Page 25: ... 15 00 Intermediate result Since you must now key in another pair of numbers before you can perform a function you use the miim key again to sepa rate the first number of the pair from the second Procedure Press Display 4 miim 5 1 9_ 0 0 _ S j Then multiply the intermediate answers together for the final answer Procedure Press Display X 4 1 5 0 145 00 J x 1 Notice that you didn t need to write dow...

Page 26: ...x 8 Intermediate result of 7 x 2 9 x 8 added to 7 x 2 Intermediate result of 4 x 5 The final answer Now try these problems Remember to work through them as you would with a pencil and paper but don t worry about inter mediate answers they re handled automatically by the calculator Problems 2 x 3 4 x 5 1 2_ 6_ 0_ 0_ 14 12 x 18 12 _ r c 9 7 L C 7 C 8o O 0_ fI6 38 X 5 c 1181 00 05 4 x 17 12 10 5 1 4 ...

Page 27: ...ed There are no hidden calculations and you can check each step as you go Intermediate results are automatically handled You don t have to write down long intermediate answers when you work a problem Intermediate answers are automatically inserted into the problem on a last in first out basis You don t have to remember where they are and then summon them You can calculate in the same order you do ...

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Page 29: ...s and two digit exponents of IO So the calculator actually calculates using full 10 digit numbers 2 000000000 x 1000 mm 3 000000000 x 1000 0 yields an answer that is actually carried to 10 digits I 6 000000000 x10 ool You see only t t these d i_g_it_s_ _ _ __ Display Control Keys but these digits are also present allows numbers to be displayed in fixed decimal point for mat ISCI Idisplays numbers ...

Page 30: ...ded The displayed number begins at the left side of the display and in cludes trailing zeros within the setting selected When the calcu lator is turned OFF then ON it wakes up in fixed point no tation with the display rounded to two decimal places For example Press Turn the calculator OFF then ON 123 4567 mmiD EJ 4 07 00 02 Display 1 0 00 1 123 46 1 123 4567 1 1 123 45670001 1 123 1 1 123 46 I Dis...

Page 31: ...number is rounded The display is left justified and includes trailing zeros within the selected setting For example Press 123 4567 mIim D 2 D 4 7 Display 1123 46 11 23 02 11 2346 02 11 2345670 02 Normal FIX 2 display Displays 1 23 x 102 Displays 1 2346 x 102 Displays 1 2345670 x 102 In scientific notation although the calculator displays a maxi mum of seven digits after the decimal point it always...

Page 32: ...ound the seventh and fin al digit after the decimal to a one I Engineering Notation Display Specified Digits First Three Digits Always Present Exponent of Ten Always a Multiple of Three Engineering Notation Display Engineering notation allows all numbers to be shown with ex ponents often that are multiples of three e g 10 l 10 li 10 This is particularly useful in sc ientific and engineering calcul...

Page 33: ... five Press Display I 12 345000 06 1Maximum number of digits displayed I 12 34 7 5 0 0 0 06 11No change in display 1 12 345000 06 1No change in display Rounding of displayed numbers in ENG 5 and ENG 6 is similar to the rounding of numbers in SCI7 and SCI8 discussed earlier As with all display formats engineering notation display does not affect the actual number as it is held internally by the cal...

Page 34: ...splay 1 0 00 00 1 ENG 0 from previous example 1 0 0 0 1 Normal FIX 2 display 1 0 05 1 1 1 2500000 04 1 Display a utomatically switched to SCI 7 to show answer Another way of displaying the answer would be 0 000125 but in normal FIX 2 display you would have seen only I 0 00 I dis played After automatically switching from fixed to scientific when a new number is keyed in or _ is pressed the display ...

Page 35: ...12 115 6 12 I This means 15 6 x 10 2 Now Press Display mum 11 5600000 13 1 25 13 9000000 14 I You can save time when keying in exact powers of 10 by merel y pressing D and then pressing the desired power of 10 Fo r example key in I million lOB and divide by 52 Press 6 mum 52 EJ Display IL1 _ ___ 0 0 J1 You do not have to key in the rI1 0 6 1 number I before pressing D when the number is an exact p...

Page 36: ...key it in using thea key If you key in a number whose mantissa contains more than eight digits to the left of the decimal point the D key is overridden and does not operate Begin again and key in the number in a form that displays the mantissa with eight digits or less to the left of the decimal point before pressing theDkey Thus 123456789 1 x 1023 could be keyed in as 12345678 91 x 1024 If you ke...

Page 37: ...Il9 s Press Display 1000 19 9999999 99 A display ofl OF lindicates that one of the calculator s storage registers has overflowed See section 4 Function Keys for a description of the HP 25 storage registers Error Display If you happen to key in an improper operation the word Error will appear in the display For example try to divide 1 by 0 the H P 25 will recognize this as an improper operation Pre...

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Page 39: ...igits e g 0 1 or 5 or how many e g 3 141592654 23 28362 or 2 87148907 x 027 occupies one entire register The displayed X register which is the only visible register is one of four registers inside the calculator that are positioned to form the automatic memory stack We label these registers X Y Z and T They are stacked one on top of the other with the displayed X register on the bottom When the ca...

Page 40: ...egister So the last number that you have keyed in will be rotated around to the T register when you press m When you press the m key the stack contents are rotated from this to this T 4 00 T 1 00 Z 3 00 Z 4 00 Y 2 00 Y 3 00 X 1 Display X 2 00 Display Notice that the contents of the registers are shifted The regis ters themselves maintain their positions The contents of the X register are always di...

Page 41: ...t from the previous example the num bers in the X and Y registers will be changed from this to this T 4 00 T 4 00 Z 3 00 Z 3 00 Y 2 00 Y 1 00 X 1 00 X 2 00 Similarly pressing f3D again will restore the numbers in the X and V registers to their original places This key is used to position numbers in the stack or simply to view the V register Clearing the Stack To clear the displayed X register only...

Page 42: ...X 0 00 Display The Key When you key a number into the calculator its contents are written into the displayed X register and the other registers re main unchanged For example if you keyed in the number 3J4 32 your stack registers would look like this Name Register T 0 00 Z 0 00 Y 0 00 X 314 32 Display In order to key in a second number at this point you must separate the digits of the first number ...

Page 43: ...is to this T 0 00 T 0 00 Z 0 00 Z 0 00 V 314 32 V 314 32 X 314 32 Display X 543 28 Display rD3 replaces any number in the display with zero Any new number then writes over the zero in X For example if you had meant to key in 689 4 instead of543 28 you would pressrD3 now to change the stack from this to this T 0 00 T 0 00 Z 0 00 Z 0 00 V 314 32 V 314 32 X 543 28 Display X 0 00 Display and then key ...

Page 44: ...pon only the number in the displayed X register and the answer writes over the number that was in the X register No other register is affected by a one number function Two Number Functions and the Stack Hewlett Packard calculators do arithmetic by positioning the numbers in the stack the same way you would on paper For instance ifyou wanted to add 34 and 21 you wo uld write 34 on a piece of paper ...

Page 45: ... in the stack in the natural order first then the operation is executed when the function key is pressed There are 110 exceptions to this rule Subtraction multiplication and division work the same way In each case the data must be in the proper position before the operation can be performed To subtract 21 from 34 Press Display 34 1 34 mum 134 00 21 1 21 B 1 13 00 To mUltiply 34 by 21 Press Display...

Page 46: ...add to its computing efficiency and ease of use and it is these movements that automatically store intermediate results The stack auto matically lifts every calculated number in the stack when a new number is keyed in because it knolVs that after it completes a calculation any new digits you key in are a part of a new num ber Also the stack automatically drops when you perform a two number operati...

Page 47: ...ogether The answer 57 is displayed 17 is keyed into the X register 57 is automatically entered into Y 57 and 17 are added together for the final answer After any calculation or number manipulation the stack auto matically lifts when a new number is keyed in Because opera tions are performed when the operations are pressed the length of such chain problems is unlimited unless a number in one of the...

Page 48: ...to the displayed y r X register OO X L 16 T I 0 00 I mmiD z 16 is copied into Y Y 16 X 16 00 I T 0 00 30 Z 0 00 30 is written over the 16 in X y 16 00 X 30 T 0 00 mmiD Z 16 00 30 is entered into Y 16 is y 30 00 lifted up to Z X 30 00 T 0 00 II Z 16 00 II is keyed into the displayed y t30 00 register X 11 T 16 00 mmiD Z 30 00 11 is copied into Y 16 and 30 y 11 00 are lifted up to T and Z X 11 00 re...

Page 49: ... in Z drops to Y and the numbers in Y and X combine to give the answer which is visible in the X register This automatic lift and drop of the stack give you tremendous computing power since you can retain and position inter mediate results in long calculations without the necessity of reentering the numbers Order of Execution When you see a problem like this one 5 x 3 i 4 5 i 2 4 x 3 i 3 x 2 13 yo...

Page 50: ...ntermediate answer for 3 74 5 5 mmm 5 00 i 2 2 El 2 50 B 1 75 4 4 mmm 4 00 3 3 1 2 0 0 10 25 3 I 3 mmm I 3 00 2 13 I 0 213 o I 0 64 El I 16 04 5 I 5 o I 8 0 2 0 i Intermediate answer for 572 Intermediate answer for 3 7 4 5 7 2 Intermediate answer for 4 x 3 Intermediate answer for 3 7 4 5 7 2 4 x 3 Intermediate answer for 3 x 213 The first number is keyed in The final answer Constant Arithmetic You...

Page 51: ...Ist day 0 1 1322 50 Population after 2nd day 0 1 1520 88 Population after 3rd day 0 11749 01 Population after 4th day 0 12011 36 Population after 5th day 0 12313 06 Population after 6th day When you press0the first time you calculate 1 15 x 1000 The result 1150 00 is displayed in the X register and a new copy of the growth factor drops into the Y register Since a new copy of the growth factor is d...

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Page 53: ...ister T his register preserves the value that was in the displayed X register before the per formance of a function To place the contents of the LAST X register into the display again press c J Recovering from Mistakes ILAST X I makes it easy to recover from keystroke mistakes such as pressing the wrong function key or keying in the wrong number Example Divide 12 by 2 157 after you have mistakenly...

Page 54: ...xample Calculate 7 32 3 650112331 3 650112331 Press 7 32 milE 3 650112331 G c J El Display 1 7 32 1 7 32 1 3 6501123311 1 10 97 1 1 3 65 1 1 3 01 1 Prefix Clear Intermediate answer Recalls 3 650112331 to X register The answer The c J clear prefix key will clear a blue liJ prefix key a gold prefix key ma 1m or mm mm is explained in section 5 Programming To clear a prefix you have mistakenly pressed...

Page 55: ...te value key For example to calculate the absolute value of 3 Press Display 1 3 1 3 00 1 3 1 To see the absolute value of 3 Press Display III 13 00 1 1 31 Integer Portion of a Number To extract and display the integer portion ofa number press the D prefix key followed by theCJ integer ke y For example to display only the integers of the number 123 456 Press 123 456 DOEfJ Display 1123 456 1123 00 O...

Page 56: ...er in the displayed X register then press moo For example to calculate the recip rocalof25 Press Display 25 m00 1L 0 04 _ You can also calculate the reciprocal of a value in a previous calculation without reentering the number For example to calculate 113 1 6 Press Display 3 moo 0 33 Reciprocalof3 6 moo 0 17 Reciprocalof6 J 0 50 Sum of reciprocals moo I 2 00 Reciprocal of sum Square Roots To calcu...

Page 57: ...ulation For example to calculate 37T Press Display 3 1lI 0 0 I_ 9 _ 42 _ _ Example Trencherman Buck Mulligan looks into a recent edi tion of the Guinness Book ofRecords and finds that the largest pizza ever baked had a diameter of 21 feet If his appetite were equal to the task how many square feet of pizza would Mulligan have to devour in order to consume all of the world s largest pizza Press Dis...

Page 58: ... of 1500 is 97 50 Base number Percent rate The answer In the above example when the III JJ keys are pressed the calculated answer writes over the percentage rate in the X register and the base number is preserved in the Y register When you pressed III JJ the stack contents were changed from this to this T 0 00 T 0 00 Z 0 00 Z 0 00 Y 1500 00 Y 1500 00 X 6 5 X 97 50 Since the purchase price is now i...

Page 59: ...he addresses of the storage registers are indicated by number keys through IJ as shown above Storing and Recalling Data To store a value appearing in the display press m store followed by a number key through IJ specifying the regis ter address where the value is to be stored For example to store Avogadro s number approximately 6 02 X 102 3 in register R2 Press 6 02 m 1 23 Em 2 Display I 6 02 23 I...

Page 60: ...lon is approximately equal to 3 785 liters what is the capacity of each of the tanks Method Place the conversion constant in one of the storage registers and bring it out as required Press Display liD 10 00 I D 0KJ 3 1 0 000 1 Display mode set 3 785 EmJo 13 785 1Constant placed in register Ro 20 1 7 570 I Capacity of Ist tank in liters 14 4 _0 0 154 504 1Capacity of 2nd tank in liters 55 go 0 1 20...

Page 61: ...orage register arithmetic operations are performed the answer is written into the selected storage register while the contents of the displayed X register and the rest of the stack remain unchanged Example During harvest a farmer trucks tomatoes to the cannery for three days On Monday and Tuesday he hauls loads of25 tons 27 tons 19 tons and 23 tons for which the cannery pays him 55 per ton On Wedn...

Page 62: ...tack alone but it illustrates how storage register arithmetic works Storage Register Overflow If the magnitude ofa number in any of the eight storage registers exceeds 9 999999999 x 1099 the HP 25 display immediately shows a ve flow to indicate that a storage register has overflowed For example if you use storage register arithmetic to attempt to calculate the product of I x 1050 and 7 5 x 1050 in...

Page 63: ... mode again press the IlIshift key followed by the degrees key Note 360 degrees 27T radians 400 grads Functions The six trigonometric functions provided by the calculator are D sine III arc sine D cosine III arc cosine D tangent 1lI arc tangent Each trigonometric function assumes angles in decimal degrees radians or grads Trigonometric functions are one number functions so to use them you key in t...

Page 64: ... to 10 5 decimal hours The EEl and 1 H MS I keys also permit you to change degrees minutes seconds to decimal degrees and vice versa For example to change 137 45 12 to decimal degrees Press Display 137 4512 D EE 1137 4512 1137 7533 Decimal degrees The conversion is important because trigonometric functions in the H P 25 operate on angles in decimal degrees but not in degrees minutes seconds In ord...

Page 65: ...quation for the great circle distance from Tristan da Cunha to the nearest inhabited land is Distance COS I sin 37 03 sin 15 55 cos 37 03 cos 15 55 cos 5 43 W 12 18 W x 60 Press Display 0 00 0 00 5 43 11 5 72 12 18 II El 1 6 58 O 1 0 99 15 551I 1lmJ1 F I 15 9 2 o 1 0 96 o i 1 0 9 6 37 0311 1lmJ0 1 37 05 O 1 0 80 o 1i 0 76 1m 00 I 0 60 _ 1 0 1 0 2 7 i o i 1 0 1 7 El 10 93 II I 2 1 9 2 60 0 1 1315 4...

Page 66: ...ars in the X register and angle is placed in the Y register Conversely to convert values in the X and Y registers repre senting polar r J respectively to rectangular coordinates x y respectively press 0 Example 1 Convert rectangular coordinates 4 3 to polar form with the angle expressed in radians y 4 3 e x Press Display m 10 00 Specifies radians mode Assumes no results remain from previous exampl...

Page 67: ...rithms a lli J is loge natural log It takes the log of the value in the X register to base e 2 7IS m is antilog natural antilog It raises e 2 7IS to the power of the value in X register To display the value of e press Im a IQ9J is loglo common log It computes the log of the value in the X register to base 10 m is antiloglo common antilog It raises 10 to the power of the value in the X register Exa...

Page 68: ...the formula 30 30 Altitude feet 25 000 In 25 000 tn Pressure 9 4 Where is Jason Quarmorte Solution Press 301m1m 9 4 8 a 25000 o Display 130 00 13 19 11 16 125000 129012 19 Altitude in feet Quarmorte is probably near the summit of Mount Everest 29 028 ft Raising Numbers to Powers a 0 permits you to raise a positive number either an integer or a decimal to any power For example calculate 29 i e 2 x ...

Page 69: ...lace to begin work on this problem is at the innermost set of brackets So begin by solving for the quantity t6 5 j2 and proceed outward from there Press Display 350mmiD 661 5 B 10 5 o 3 1 iii I0 28 I Squar of bracketed quantIty 11 06 I 201 EJ 3 5 0 0 1EJ I 0 21 I Contents ofleft hand set of brackets are in the stack I mmiD 6 875 _I 6 875 00 I ram6 mmiD I 6 8750000 06 I 255000 EJ I 0 82 I 5 2656 Em...

Page 70: ...begin any calcu lations using the mkey you should first clear the storage registers of data by pressing D When you key a number into the display and press the mkey each of the following operations is performed The number that you keyed into the X register is added to the contents of storage register R7 The square of the number that you keyed into the X register is added to the contents of storage ...

Page 71: ... dis played The stack does not lift Example Find LX Lx2 LY and LXY for the paired values ofx and y listed below Press a 7 mmiD 5m 5 I mim 3m 9 mmiD 8m 1317 1316 1315 1314 1313 Mean Display t 0 00 17 00 I 11 00 I 15 00 I 12 00 I 19 00 I 13 00 I 116 00 I 198 00 I 1122 00 121 00 13 00 Ensures that all storage registers are cleared to zero initially Assumes no results remain from previous example Firs...

Page 72: ... 62 84 47 58 68 60 62 59 71 73 To find the average mean age of this sample of wealthy persons Press Display 0 00 1 Storage registers 62 Ell 84 Ell 47 Ell 58 Ell 68 Ell 60 Ell 62 Ell 59 Ell and X register cleared to zero 71Ell 73 Ell 1 1 0 00 1 N umber of entries D rn 1 64 40 1 Average mean age in years Standard Deviation The standard deviation a measure of dispersion around the mean is calculated ...

Page 73: ...through R7 are still intact from the previous example you can calculate the population standard deviation this way Press Display o 10 10 Sample standard deviation s liD 3 10 00 Recalls 11 1EJ 9 00 Calculates 11 1 1i D3 1 0 90 Divides 11 1 by 11 o 0 1 9 58 Population standard deviation s Deleting and Correcting Data If you key in an incorrect value and have not pressed m press lD3 and key in the co...

Page 74: ...erage mean age The new standard deviation Vector Summations The Ell key can be used to sum any quantities that are in the x and Y registers You can even perform vector addition and subtraction using rectangular to polar coordinate conversion and the Ell and keys Example In his converted Swordfish aircraft grizzled bush pilot Apeneck Sweeney reads an air speed of 150 knots and a heading of 0450 fro...

Page 75: ...ctor a 106 07 Converted to rectangular coordi nates fm 1 00 Instrument coordinates accum ulated in storage registers R4 and R7 25 miim I 25 00 for wind vector 40 I 40 r for wind vector a I 36 25 Converted to rectangular coordinates a lE I 0 00 Coordinates for wind vector subtracted from coordinates for Swordfish s instrument vector 4 89 16 Recalls sum ofy coordinates from register R4 7 69 81 Recal...

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Page 77: ...calculator You can then execute the program as often as you like with less chance of error The answer displayed at the end of execution is the same one you would have obtained by pressing the keys one at a time manually No prior programming experience is necessary for HP 25 calculator programming Why Write Programs Programs are written to save you time on repetitive calculations Once you have writ...

Page 78: ...calculator called program memory for later execution All operations on the keyboard except three can be recorded for later execution with the PROM RUN switch set to PRO M PRGM RUN The three operations that cannot be recorded are mI 1m a I PRGM I These three operations work in PROM mode to help you write and record your programs Automatic RUN Mode The HP 25 can also be used to automatically execute...

Page 79: ...UN switch to PRGM PRGM RUN so that the sequence of keystrokes will be recorded for later execution Second press D I PRGM I to clear the calculator of previous programs The display will show I 00 T his tells you that you are at the beginning of program memory Step 00 contains an automatic stop instruction and cannot be used to record your program keystrokes Program keystrokes are recorded in steps ...

Page 80: ... 7T Keycodes Press the first key ofthe program and the display will change to 15 J The two numbers on the right of the display designate the key stored in that step Each key on the keyboard has a two digit keycode For convenience the digit keys are coded 00 through 09 All other keys are coded by their position on the keyboard The first digit denotes the row ofthe key and the second digit the numbe...

Page 81: ...ate that the function 0 CD has been recorded in that step Ol of program memory Digits I and 5 denote the 0 key Digits 0 and 2 denote the0key The operation stored then is 0 0 which is the x2 function In everycase a single operation e g a Em III CD ElD uses only one step of program memory Each operation prefixed or not requires only one step of program memory The keys for finding the area ofa sphere...

Page 82: ... step 02 then step 03 and then step 04 which now contains a special instruction mm GTO 00 The am instruction in step 04 is not an instruction you keyed in yourself It was already there If you press D I PRGM I in PRGM mode or if you switch the calculator OFF and ON again program memory is filled with am instructions The three step program you keyed in replaced three of these instructions Program me...

Page 83: ... calculator would execute the automatic stop instruction stored in step 00 Then you would have to press to execute the program again Now try an example Example Calculate the surface area ofa spherical cat s eye marble with a diameter of 1 3 centimeters Then calculate the surface area of a baseball with a diameter of2 5 inches Press Display 15 31 2 5 119 63 Area of the marble in square centimeters ...

Page 84: ...meter B 07 41 Subtract the cubes m El 08 15 73 0 09 61 Multiply by 7T 10 06 G 11 71 IDivide by 6 The program keystrokes for this problem are the same Simply switch to PRGM mode PRGM RUN and press C to clear program memory and display step 00 Then key in the list of keys above The keys are not executed but are recorded in program memory steps 01 through II Verify that each key code is correct as yo...

Page 85: ...ach step Two operations allow you todo this mJ sillgle step andllm back step With the increase in sphere volume program still recorded in the calculator set the PRGM RUN switch to RUN PRGM lRUN and press 0 I PRGM Ito resetthe calculator to step 00 Then switch to PRGM modePRGM RuN and press mJ once The display will change to I 01 31 PressmJ again and the display will change to I 02 03 Now pressllm ...

Page 86: ...n using the mmkey in this way always use two digits for designating step numbers For instance to see step 6 you must press mm in RUN mode and then switch back to PRGM mode If the first digit key following mmis greater than four themIil key is ignored and the number is keyed into the X register Similarly if one of the two keys followingmm is not a digit key the mmkey is ignored and the operation as...

Page 87: ...lve this problem follows This program calculates the area of the base of each can and then stops When after you have written down that result the program can be restarted to calculate the final volume The formula used is Volume base area x height 17 r2 x h The radius 1 and the height h of the can are keyed into the x and Y registers respectively before the program is run To record this program set...

Page 88: ...s base the program stops at the first instruction encountered Pressing again calculates the volume of the can and program execution stops at step 00 ready to run again In general IRIS Iis recorded into a program when you need to display more than one answer To display only one answer or the final answer of a series the mm instruction in a pro gram is more convenient since the calculator ends execu...

Page 89: ... 73 103 61 104 14 74 105 61 ISquares the radius in X IPlaces 7T in X ICalculates the area of the base IPauses to show the base area for one second I Calculates final volume of can This program also assumes the height has been entered into the Y register and the radius has been keyed into the X register If you have stored the instructions set the PRGM RUN switch to RUN PRGM RUN and press 0 I PRGM I...

Page 90: ...been stopped by pressing a key be careful not to restart program execution in the middle of a digit entry key se quence within the program For example in the section of a pro gram shown below if program execution halted at step 23 the number 13 would appear in the display If is pressed the number 13 would be automatically pushed up into the stack and the number 4 7 would be keyed into the X regist...

Page 91: ... zero will be substituted for the number and a running program will continue to execute normally Improper Operation Stops Calculations that cause the word IError Ito be displayed also stop program execution You can identify the reason for the stop by switching momentarily to PRGM mode to see the keycode of the improper operation A list of improper operations can be found in appendix B Branching Al...

Page 92: ...r is stored in that step of pro gram memory Similarly if one of the two keys following Em is not a digit key the Emkey is ignored and the invalid key is stored in program memory Example Program The following program is an interesting one to show your friends It calculates the squares of consecu tive whole numbers beginning with zero The calculator con tinues to compute the square of the next conse...

Page 93: ... of the register by one The uncon ditional branch at the end of the program is used to transfer pro gram execution back to step 03 so that the calculation can be repeated with the new value in register RI To run the program set the PRGM RUN switch to RUN PRGM J RUN and press 0 1PRGM Iso that the calculator will be gin execution from step 00 Then simply press E J The squares of consecutive whole nu...

Page 94: ... if the value in the X register is not equal to the value in the Y register D tests to see if the value in the X register is equal to the value in the Y register iii 18I tests to see if the value in the X register is less than zero iii Inol tests to see if the value in the X register is greater than or equal to zero iii luol tests to see if the value in the X register is not equal to zero iii rx o...

Page 95: ...most experienced programmer finds errors in his pro grams These errors range from mistakes in the original equa tions to mistakes in recording the program Wherever they occur they need to be found and corrected and the HP 25 is designed to make this error checking process as easy as possible Finding the Error One of the easiest ways to find out if your program is working properly is to work a test...

Page 96: ...Display m 0 1 01 15 02 m El 1 02 15 73 0 1 03 61 The program assumes that a value forr has been keyed into the X register To run the program set the PRGM RUN switch back to RUN PRGM RUN and press D Now step through the program in slow motion using a value of 10 for r Press 10 miD Display 1 10 1 01 15 02 1 100 00 1 02 15 73 3 14 03 61 1 314 16 When you hold mJdown the first instruction is displayed...

Page 97: ... of the X register Again holding1mdown dis plays the previous step in program memory And releasing 1mdisplays the original contents of the X register again If you now switch to PRGM mode the second step will be displayed I 02 15 73 Cued Stops If you have a program that is halted several times during execution for data entries you may want to identify each stop by recording a familiar number into t...

Page 98: ...receding the step to be changed For example to change the instruction in step 06 you need to display step 05 If you wish to change the step simply press the correct key or keys for step 06 They will write over and replace the incorrect information already stored in that step If step 06 is an extra step in your program press m no operation This instruction tells the calculator not to perform any op...

Page 99: ...alcu lator will not perform an opera tion here Now set the PRGM RUN switch back to RUN PRGM J RUN and press a 1 PRGM I to reset the calculator to step 00 The ex ample below will help you determine whether or not you have corrected the program Example Find the cube root of 8 and then of 125 Press 8 ffiZ J 1251 RIS I Display 12 00 15 00 Adding Instructions If you have recorded a medium sized program...

Page 100: ...mory The co rrected program is shown below 00 Branch to step 10 01 21 02 13 10 03 22 04 05 Branch back L to step 03 06 07 08 13 00 10 11 12 13 14 Step 02 51 14 02 32 23 06 13 03 Missing Keys N otice in particular that the instruction originally stored in step 02 is now stored in step 10 Step 02 now contains an uncondi tional branch instruction to step 10 The missing keys are stored in steps II thr...

Page 101: ...witch to PRGM mode PRGM RUN and press D I PRGM I before keying in the following list of keys Keys Display EI ABSJ 101 15 03 D 102 14 01 E m 103 23 01 EI l 104 15 71 mmm0 105 13 14 m 106 01 D 107 14 71 mmm I 108 13 16 EiD 109 21 m 110 01 B 111 41 D 0m 112 23 61 01 mm J I It3 13 06 m 114 01 mm J J I15 13 00 a m 116 24 01 Now switch back to RUN mode PRGM RUN and press I PRGM I so you can try the foll...

Page 102: ...lue for e is displayed When the two values are equal the program stops and displays the number ofterms it took for the series to converge SwitchtoPRGMmode PRGM RUN and press D I PRGM Ibefore keying in the following list of keys Keys Display OJ 01 01 EmJ Q 02 23 00 EmJOJ 03 23 01 mmm 04 31 11 00 05 15 22 1mI Q 06 24 00 07 51 EmJ Q 08 23 00 OJ 09 01 li CE 10 15 07 D i 11 14 71 mm I 12 13 26 EiD 13 2...

Page 103: ...through this handbook you should have a very good knowledge of all of the basic functions of the HP 25 But in fact you ve only begun to see the power of the calculator You ll come to understand it better and appre ciate it more as you use the HP 25 daily to solve even the most complex mathematical expressions At your fingertips you have a tool that was unavailable to Archimedes Galileo or Einstein...

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Page 105: ...ified on the Accessory Order Form To order additional standard or optional accessories for your HP 25 see your nearest dealer or fill out an Accessory Order Form and return it with check or money order to Hewlett Packard Advanced Products Division 19310 Pruneridge Avenue Cupertino CA 95014 If you are outside the U S please contact the Hewlett Packard Office nearest you AC Line Operation Your calcu...

Page 106: ...roper voltage The two line voltage ranges are 100 to 127 volts and 200 to 254 volts CAUTION Your HP 25 may be damaged if it is connected to the charger when the charger is not set for the correct line voltage 2 Set the HP 25 power switch to OFF 3 Insert the female battery charger ac adapter plug into the rear connector of the HP 25 and insert the power plug into a live ac power outlet CAUTION The ...

Page 107: ...ation To operate the HP 25 from battery power alone simply turn the calculator 0 FF disconnect the female battery charger plug from the rear of the calculator and turn the calculator ON again Even when not connected to the calculator the battery charger ac adapter may be left plugged into the ac outlet Using the HP 25 on battery power gives the calculator full portability allowing you to carry it ...

Page 108: ...1 Set the calculator ON OFF switch to OFF and disconnect the battery charger ac adapter from the calculator 2 Press down on the thumb set at the rear of the calcu lator and slide the battery pack in the direction of the arrow 3 When the key on the battery pac k becomes visible lever that end of the pack up and permit the battery pack to fall into the palm of your hand 4 Insert the new battery pack...

Page 109: ...er When you are operating from battery power in RUN mode all decimal points except the true one light to warn you that you have a minimum of 1 minute of operating time left 1 60 2 231 Low Power Display 1 True Decimal Point You must then either operate the calculator from the battery charger ac adapter as described under AC Line Operation or you can substitute a fully charged battery pack for the o...

Page 110: ...aid to Hewlett Packard s Customer Service facility Refer to Ship ping Instructions This warranty does not apply ifthe calculator has been damaged by accident or misuse or as a result of service or modification by other than an authorized Hewlett Packard Customer Service facility No other express warranty is given by Hewlett Packard Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for consequential damages Out ...

Page 111: ...he calculator batteries or battery charger require that you return the following to us Calculator with all standard accessories Completed Service Card Send returned items safely packaged to the address shown on the Service Card Under normal conditions calculators will be repaired and re shipped within five 5 working days of receipt at any Hewlett Packard Service Facility listed on the Service Card...

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Page 113: ...operation say division by zero the display will show l Error I To clear press ED The following are improper operations El where x 0 W wherey 0 0 wherex 0 I Vx I where x 0 O ru where x 0 DnJ where x 0 LiiI Q where Ixl is 1 COil where Ixlis 1 mEl where x 0 I where n 0 where n 1 109 110 ...

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Page 115: ... DQ9J ill mm 0 w Em E GG i ill 0 mJ 1J ill EEl A number keyed in following one of these keys does not affect the stack m thru A number keyed in following one of these operations writes over the number in the X register and the stack does not lift B3 miIm ED 8 LAST X The following operations save x in LAST X B I FRAC I Q J lliJ El COii 1 0 IJnJ rtanJ G J2gJ I H MS I ill E8J CD EEl ABS 111 112 ...

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Page 117: ... average 67 68 chain 42 45 constant 46 47 functions 16 17 storage register 57 58 Automatic display switching 30 31 Automatic memory stack 18 35 47 111 Automatic RUN mode 74 Average arithmetic 67 68 B Back step 81 93 Battery charger ac adapter 102 103 Battery charging 13 102 103 105 times for 13 103 Battery operation 13 103 time 103 Battery pack 101 105 defective 105 replacement 104 105 Blank displ...

Page 118: ...program 90 Constant arithmetic 46 47 Controlling the display 25 Converging series program 98 99 Conversions hours hours minutes seconds 60 61 rectangular polar coordinates 62 63 Correcting programs 91 96 summation data 69 70 Cued stops 93 94 D Decimal hours hours minutes seconds conversions 60 61 Decision making program 89 90 Defective battery pack 105 Degrees selection of 59 Deleting summation da...

Page 119: ...splay 28 mmm 17 38 39 Error clearing 33 display 33 87 finding 91 94 Exchanging x and y 37 Execution order of 45 46 Exponential functions 63 66 Exponents of ten keying in 31 32 Extracting roots 64 F Factorial program for calculating 97 Finding errors 91 94 Fixed point display 26 Fractional portion of a number 51 52 Function key index S Function keys 49 71 Functions G one number 16 40 trigonometric ...

Page 120: ...8 23 Interrupting program execution 82 87 K Keyboard 13 Keycodes 76 Key index 5 7 Keying in exponents of ten 31 32 Keying in numbers 14 Keys 13 14 L LAST X 49 50 111 Lift stack 38 39 42 43 111 Logarithms 63 64 Low power display 105 Manipulating stack contents 35 37 Manual problem solving 9 Manual RUN mode 74 Mean 67 68 Memory 6 Memory stack automatic 35 47 Merged keycodes 77 Mistakes recovering fr...

Page 121: ...e 13 101 102 battery 13 103 Operations improper 109 Order of calculation 23 45 46 Out of warranty 106 Overflow display 33 58 87 storage register 33 58 87 p Particular step displaying a 82 Pausing during program execution 84 86 Percentages 54 Pi 53 Index 117 Polar rectangular coordinate conversion 62 63 70 71 Population standard deviation 69 Positioning numbers in the stack 40 41 Power consumption ...

Page 122: ...amming key index 6 7 R Radians selection of 59 Raising numbers to powers 64 65 Range temperature 106 Recalling data 55 56 Reciprocals 52 Recording a program 10 75 77 Recovering from mistakes 49 50 numbers 50 Rectangular polar coordinate conversion 62 63 70 71 Register s 35 LAST X 49 50 111 storage 55 58 Replacement battery pack 104 105 Reproduction in T register 46 Reserve power pack 105 Reverse p...

Page 123: ...g the 37 38 drop 43 45 46 lift 38 39 42 45 56 111 manipulating contents of 35 37 one number functions and 40 position of numbers in 40 41 reviewing the 36 37 two number functions and the 40 42 Standard deviation 68 70 population 69 sample 68 70 Statistical functions 66 70 Step 00 86 Steps displaying 81 82 Stops program 86 87 Storage automatic 18 19 20 Storage register s 55 58 arithmetic 57 58 auto...

Page 124: ...3 of battery operation 103 T register reproduction in 46 Trigonometric functions 59 61 Two number functions 16 40 42 U Unconditional branching 87 89 V Value absolute 51 Vector summations 70 71 W Warm calculator 103 Warranty 106 Writing a program 10 x and y exchanging 37 X register 35 ...

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Page 126: ...nsit damage Such damage is not covered under warranty Inside the U S A Return items safely packaged directly to Hewlett Packard APD Service Department P O Box 5000 Cupertino Calif 95014 We advise that you insure your calculator and use priority AIR mail for distances greater than 300 miles to mini mize transit times All units will be returned via priority mail Outside the U S A Where required plea...

Page 127: ...g and Buyi Primary Interest A friend or Hewlett Pack 0 Scientific him the Hewl Calculators Guide pleas paid Reques 0 Business Calculators Name o Both Title Valid in U S only Company HEWLETT S PAC K ARD Street City 430C ...

Page 128: ...EPLY MAIL mailed in United States y ackard Avenue 014 FIRST CLASS Permit No 232 Cupertino Cal ifornia ...

Page 129: ...cribe Problem _______________ Model No Serial No Preferred method of payment for out of warranty repairs If not specified unit will be returned C O D o BankAmericard o Master Charge Card No Expiration Date Name appearing on credit card o Purchase Order Companies with established Hewlett Packard credit only P O included P O Number Authorized Sig nature HEWLETT PACKARD ...

Page 130: ... 6 451 6 square centimeters 0 09290304 square meter 43560 square feet 640 acres 16 387064 cubic centi meters 0 028316847 cubic meter 29 57352956 cubic centimeters 0 029573530 liter 3 785411 784 liters 1 ounce mass 28 34952312 grams 1 pound mass 0 45359237 kilogram 1 ton short 0 90718474 metric ton Energy 1 British thermal unit 1 kilocalorie mean 1 055 055853 joules 4190 02 joules 1 watt hour 3600 ...

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Page 132: ...P Calculators www hpmuseum org Original content used with permission Thank you for supporting the Museum of HP Calculators by purchasing this Scan Please to not make copies of this scan or make it available on file sharing services ...