UNIVAC 490, General Description Manual

Page 1: ...o GENERAL DESCRIPTION f he UNIVAC 490 Real Time Sysf em ...

Page 2: ...GENERAL DESCRIPTION UNIVAC 490 Real Time Sys tem 1961 SPERRY RAND CORPORATION ...

Page 3: ...k 3 High Internal Computing Speeds 4 Equipment Enclosure 4 Flexible Input Output Facilities 4 Automatic Programming 4 Floating Point Arithmetic 4 Programming Checks 4 Special Programming Features 5 Powerful Instruction Repertoire 5 Absolute Efficiency 5 Library of Programmed Routines 5 Core Storage Search 5 Wired Memory 5 Application Versatility 6 2 REAL TIME COMPUTER Storage Section 7 Octal Notat...

Page 4: ...t 21 Format Control Panel 21 Communications Equipment 21 Communications Systems 23 Party Line Network 23 Scanner Selector 23 Party Line Communications System 23 Transfer Function 24 Line Switching Network Direct Distance Dialing 24 Communications Control Unit Telegraphic Half Duplex 24 Communications Equipment for Special Devices 26 4 INSTRUCTIONS Instruction Word 27 Instruction Cycle 27 Instructi...

Page 5: ...just as feedback is used by a computer to control a missile s path up to the minute data from a UNIVAC Real Time System can help influence the course of business curves ...

Page 6: ...ent s desire for a method of re versing the direction of a business curve before it gains momentum and attains black and white finality Up to the minute indications of business activity enable the real time user to detect the suggestion of a downturn and correct it immediately in much the same way as a guided missile s course is adj usted as it hurtles to its target If for example sales have dippe...

Page 7: ... System for their effective solution The many outstanding features of the UNIVAC 490 Real Time System are par ticularly suited to applications in which processing timeliness is vitally important perishability is a factor or decision making is based on data originating simultaneously at separate remote points Some of these features such as solid state components and microsecond internal computing s...

Page 8: ...certain transactions Incremental Interrupt Clock This program set clock counts up to 32 768 milliseconds Upon reaching its up per limit the Incremental Interrupt Clock unconditionally interrupts the Computer at the end of the instruction being handled regardless of the type of instruction The clock count is maintained in core storage The Incremental Interrupt Clock is vital to the functioning of a...

Page 9: ... 490 Real Time Com puter to perform this diversity of input output data communicating functions A large number of system input output channels are employed for communications between the Computer and peripheral site units such as high speed printers mass storage units card readers and tape han dling units These same channels can be used to accommodate an almost unlimited number of remote data orig...

Page 10: ...a large num ber of jump and skip operations The prev alence of these operations arises because the processing activities of a real time com puter involve serving a large number of remote peripheral units that are constantly demanding computer attention on an im mediate or near immediate basis Since skip and jump programming opera tions are inherent in real time processing the internal logic of the...

Page 11: ...trol can be carefully followed and interim cost figures developed to determine the desirability of alternate methods of production as well as optimum manufacturing quantities The UNIVAC 490 Real Time System then has been conceived for use on an unlimited va riety of applications Figure 1 1 shows some real time data processing areas listed by industry and application I TERLINE RECEIVABLE I PAYABLES...

Page 12: ...es Parallel one s complement binary notation 2 Real Time Computer STORAGE SECTION Internal storage of the Computer consists of banks of ferrite cores Thousands of these cores can be mounted within a square printed circuit frame Each core is capable of assuming either of two stable magnetic states one represents binary zero the other binary one At the option of the user magnetic core storage is ava...

Page 13: ...R INPUT GATES Cl REGISTER i REGISTER CONTROL SECTION In addition to the magnetic core storage section the Computer has two other sec tions arithmetic and control Figure 2 2 The control section is responsible for the operations that take place during the se quential execution of instructions It also coordinates the flow of data between the arithmetic and storage sections ARITHMETIC SECTION The arit...

Page 14: ... is extended by the number of bit positions shifted and the lower order digits are discarded Q Register The Q Register is a 30 bit auxiliary arith metic register Its principal function is to assist the A Register in multiply divide and logical operations Register Q has shift ing and logical properties and performs adding or counting functions as well The contents of the Q Register may be shifted r...

Page 15: ...ss period the address is transferred to the S Register The contents of the S Register are then translated to activate the storage selection system Z Register The Z Register 30 bits serves as an Oper and Buffer for storage references During the read portion of the storage access period the Z Register is cleared The digit reading amplifiers are then sampled to set the contents of Z corresponding to ...

Page 16: ...will normally be usable dur ing program debugging while making changes to programs schedules or tables when initiating type outs of interest to the operators or UNIVAC Center supervisory personnel and in controlling the system There are no restrictions as to the size of the units of information entered by this de vice or of the type outs so long as computer formats are used and program provision i...

Page 17: ...s fed through the communi cations equipment to the proper inquiry answering device at a remote location CENTRAL SITE EQUIPMENT Central site equipment used with a UNIVAC Real Time System includes a Real Time Computer various peripheral units such as card readers storage units and magnetic tape units and communica tions equipment Using master data main tained at the central site the Computer and its...

Page 18: ...SCANNER SELECTOR COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL UNIT TELEGRAPHIC HALF DUPLEX CENTRAL CHANNEL SYNCH MAGNETIC CHANNEL SYNCH DRUM CONTROL UNIT URTS INTERFACE CENTRAL SITE I CCU PARTY rt MODEM LINE MASTFR I l t URTS INTERFACE I DATA SUB SET COMMON CARRIER SUPPLIED 1 1 I CO N RI I I LINES I I Figure 3 1 Typical Central Site Layout HIGH SPEED PRINTER UNISERVO IIA OR III FH 880 PARTY LINE SERVICE TYPICAL LAYOUT ...

Page 19: ... layer of air and the head positioning mechanism Flying Head Drum Storage FH 880 In the FH 880 Drum Storage Unit forty head blocks are positioned around the drum Mounted in each are 22 read write heads one for each recording track which revolves beneath the block The read write heads record information on the drum sur face at a density of 490 bits per inch while it revolves at 1800 rev0lutions per...

Page 20: ...by an end of block which is represented by thirty 1 bits These words will contain an address and an identifying code When an overflow word is reached during a search the search will stop at that point and the overflow address is sent to the computer The search can be reinitiated under program control at the location speci fied by the overflow address The End of Block word can also stop a search be...

Page 21: ...er which they are sent to a stacker During its course through the transport mechanism a card conveys its contents to the Computer when it is brush sensed at the second read station When once inserted between the rollers a card moves without interruption until it reaches its stacker If it were possible to halt the High Speed Reader instantaneously in the midst of its card cycling the followin situa...

Page 22: ...e post read station for verification From the post read station the cards move into the stackers Two output stackers or bins are contained in a convenient hinged assembly which swings out for maintenance The bins are designated stacker 1 and stacker O Each stacker is capable of holding 850 to 1200 cards When either stacker is full micro switches underneath it stop the unit and an indication is giv...

Page 23: ...ts and core storage Before exe cution of a buffer mode transfer of data the program must perform the following steps 1 Activate the channel to be used for the informa tion transfer allowing the Computer to recognize data requests on that channel 2 Load the channel s index register with the data control word The lower and upper halves of the data control word contain the beginning and ending addres...

Page 24: ...erent de signs can be part of a UNIVAC 490 Real Time System Usually remote in quiry answering units are especially de signed to meet the specific requirements of a particular real time application The fol lowing paragraphs describe briefly various remote inquiry answering units now in use at real time system installations Keyboard Printer The Keyboard Printer permits keyboard insertion of transact...

Page 25: ...s locations At the option of the user the Keyboard Printer can be equipped with a forma con trol panel This auxiliary device can be used to permit greater condensation of data It also assures that all segments of the data message are transmitted Housing 21 to 35 pushbutton illuminators the format control panel is used by the operator to identify specific types of transactions and data fields being...

Page 26: ...or Format Control Panel The format control panel is a set of 21 to 35 illuminated pushbuttons which are used by the operator to identify specific types of record transactions for example new rec ord reconfirm cancellation and so on and the particular fields being entered for ex ample name phone remarks and so on By observing which field buttons are dimly illuminated the operator is notified of the...

Page 27: ...NIT PARTY LINE MASTER I I COMMUNICATIONS LINES I CENTRAL SITE I j I I I I I I I I I I I t t CCU PARTY LINE SLAVE CCU PARTY LINE SLAVE CCU PARTY LINE SLAVE SCANNER BUFFER UNISET PROGRAMMER GB Figure 3 3 Party Line Network ADDITIONAL REMOTE SITES REMOTE SITE ...

Page 28: ...required in the S S each peripheral unit provides its own computer communication capability via a set of com mon busses Each S S is capable of oper ating with others for building a cascaded scanner complex allowing many more than the basic 16 peripheral units to share a single computer channel pair PARTY LINE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM The Party Line Communications System is a digital communications sy...

Page 29: ...ssage while the data character is transferred as the upper 15 bits of the Computer word LINE SWITCHING NETWORK DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING The second type of communications line configuration for the Real Time System is the Line Switching Network Figure 3 4 This line configuration may use telegraph or voice grade facilities Ljne switching service is a network where connections are made only when commu...

Page 30: ...CONTROL UNIT TELEGRAPHIC HALF DUPLEX CENTRAL l t DATA SUB SET l t LINE SWITCHING FACILITY COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL UNIT TELEGRAPHIC HALF DUPLEX UNISET SCANNER BUFFER UNISET PROGRAMMER UNISET Figure 3 4 Line Switching Network CENTRAL SITE REMOTE SITE ...

Page 31: ...IPMENT FOR SPECIAL DEVICES A Communications Control Unit Tele graphic Master Simplex CCU TMS is used for putting teletypewriter devices and data subsets on line with the real time sys tem It is a unidirectional signal converter and adapter for use between a Computer output channel and the Scanner Selector and telegraphic channel sending terminal It accepts 6 bit parallel characters from the S S co...

Page 32: ...d or stored The effect of k is different for each of three instruction categories read store and replace The operand interpretation designator also controls data transmissions during store operations j Designator The branch condition designator j is usu ally a 3 bit code that may be interpreted as a skip or jump condition designator a reg ister designator or a repeat modification designator INSTRU...

Page 33: ...rmed by treating A and Q as a single register Any right shift of a 30 bit register A or Q is open ended that is the rightmost Y bits are lost and pro vided with sign extension that is the left most Y 1 bits become duplicates of the sign bit All other shifts are circular that is the Y bits that are shifted out of one end of the register appear in sequence at the opposite end of the register no bits...

Page 34: ... function 1ine Cj Channels 0 and 1 do not have external function control lines The k designator equals 3 only If j 0 1 the instruction is a conditional skip on an external signal line associated with the specified channel The channel des ignator j 7 is used to specify the selected channel The two bits of k are interpreted as k 0 or k 1 O A k 1 0 must be used for j 1 0 1 A k 0 must be used for j 0 ...

Page 35: ...uction See Table 1 27 Q Subtract Shift A and Q left 30 places as a single 60 bit register Then subtract Y and A shift A and Q left 30 places as a single 60 bit register The content of A is undisturbed by this instruction The branch condition designator j has special meaning in this instruction See Table 1 30 Load A Add Q Clear A Then add Q to A The Y are then added to A 3 I Load A Subtract Q Clear...

Page 36: ... bit in Y the remaining bits of A are unaltered 52 Selective Clear Clear each of the bits of A where there is a corresponding I bit in Y the re maining bits of A are unaltered 53 Substitute Clear each of the bits of A where there is a corresponding I bit in Q the remain ing bits of A are unaltered Then form in the X Register the bit by bit product of Y and Q Then set each of the bits of A to one w...

Page 37: ...y ad dresses It can however be made to branch to Y an an out of sequence address deter mined by other designators in the instruc tion word This operation is called a jump A jump diverts computer operation from the main program to a subroutine or an isolated rnain program segment that be gins with execution of the instruction at the out of sequence address A return jump is a special kind of jump th...

Page 38: ... in struction at address Y 1 66 Deactivate Input Buffer This instruction clears the bits specified by the channel designator j in the input ac tive designator and the input monitor designator 67 Deactivate Output Buffer This instruction clears the bits in the out put active designator and the output moni tor designator specified by the channel designator j SPECIAL PROGRAM MODIFYING INSTRUCTIONS A ...

Page 39: ...Y in the lower half of storage location 00120 j If k 1 store in the lower order half of address 00120 j Then set the j bit of both the output active desig nator and the output monitor designator k 2 is not permitted A program interrupt to the instruction stored at address 00060 j will occur at the termination of the output buffer Branch Condition Designator The branch condition designator J IS a t...

Page 40: ...ifi cation to which y is subjected This modifi cation consists of adding to y the contents of a B Register designated by b That is y is modified to become y Bb No BO regis ter exists EO is interpreted as zero RO that y is not modified if b O Operand Interpretation Designator The operand interpretation designator k is a three bit code that governs first the process whereby the operand is derived fr...

Page 41: ...j 3 Skip next instruction if the pafity of the final contents of A is odd In general Q is considered to contain the mask for which the parity is known Then by choosing the appropriate mask for which the parity is known the parity can be calcu lated on any selected group of bits in the accumulator as defined by the mask Illegal Instruction Code Fault Instruction Codes 00 or 77 cause a jump to fixed...

Page 42: ... address of repeated instruction each execution except the first NOTE c IF j 0 2or 6 back execution address of repeated instruction each ex ecution except the first NOTE D IF ro 3 or 7 add Bb of repeated instruction each execution NOTES E F G H are like A B C D respectively with the added stipulation that if the repeated instruction is a replace instruction B 6 is added to the operand address lor ...

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Page 44: ...DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION Nl to I I UT2403 REV 1 ...