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TL/F/11195 – 5

TL/F/11195 – 6

FIGURE 4. Fairness State Machines

All four machines use their particular DMA request signal
(RX1, RX2, TX1 or TX2) to move from the IDLE state to XFR
to FAIR. But it is all the other request signals that either
keep the machine in the FAIR state (if there is at least one
active) or allow it to move back to IDLE via TEMP (no other
requests active). Thus if a particular channel finishes being
serviced and there are others waiting for service at the time,
the channel will be degated by its FR signal, preventing it
from requesting service again before all other devicesÐ
both UART and other bus devicesÐare finished.

Terminal Count Interrupt

A signal to the CPU that a file or block of data has complet-
ed transmission or reception is a crucial feature of a practi-
cal DMA-serviced serial port. It is necessary because the
entire transfer process is completely transparent to the
CPU. The CPU must be notified one or all files being trans-
ferred are done so that it can start a new transfer, process
received data, notify the user, etc. The DMA controller pro-
vides a Terminal Count (TC) pulse when it has transferred
the number of bytes programmed into its Terminal Count
Register (see Software). The PC16552C Adapter uses this
pulse to generate an IRQ3 interrupt and disable the DMA
request line of the UART channel that completed its trans-
fer. The TC signal is common to all devices on the Micro
Channel so it was necessary to decode the signal and cre-
ate a TC unique to the UART channel that generated it.
Since the DMA controller generates the TC pulse during the
final read or write to the I/O address it is servicing, this was
accomplished by decoding TC along with the adapter’s IOR,
IOW, CS1 and CS2 signals. For example, TC, IOR and CS1
active generates TC pulse unique to the UART’s channel 1
receiver (RXRDY1).

The channel-unique TC pulses are connected to the CL in-
puts of the DMAÐEN register’s 74LS74 latches. The TC

pulse clears the adapter card enable bit for the decoded
channel and prevents any further DMA request from that
channel until the CPU has re-intialized the system for a new
file transfer.

All four UART TC pulses are OR’ed together to set a 1-bit
read-only register called Interrupt Status Register (ISR). The
output of ISR is connected to the INTR GAL and generates
an IRQ3 interrupt (see Adapter Interrupts). ISR was imple-
mented because the Micro Channel requires that adapters
generating interrupts have a status register that the CPU
can poll to determine which adapter caused the interrupt.

The ISR is implemented with two 74LS74 latches connect-
ed in a master-slave arrangement. This provides a self-
clearing mechanism when the register is read. The register
is located at I/O address 2f7H along with DMAÐEN. Its

read strobe is generated by a logical AND of the 2f7H de-
coder output and the IOR signal. The read strobe is con-
nected to the clock input of the slave latch and the inverted
strobe is connected to the master’s clock. The strobe is
also connected to the gate input of a 74LS125 buffer which
gates the output of the slave latch onto the Adapter Data
Bus bit 0. The falling edge of the read strobe gates the
register onto the data bus and clears the master latch. The
rising edge clears the slave latch.

SOFTWARE

Programming the Micro Channel DMA Controller

The Micro Channel DMA controller is register and software
compatible with the IBM Personal Computer AT DMA chan-
nels, but also has an extended mode of operation. Control-
ler registers can be read and written in the extended mode
using two registers, the Function register and the Execute
Function register. To perform an extended mode register
read/write, the CPU must write to the Function register a 4-
bit command code in the upper nibble and the channel num-
ber in the lower nibble. The command is executed by read-
ing or writing the Execute Function register. The driver pro-
grams included in this package illustrate this register access
process.

12

Summary of Contents for PC16552C

Page 1: ...sis for a high performance serial port design Advancing modem technology is causing a substantial in crease in serial transfer baud rates putting a severe strain on existing serial port designs Personal computer systems are unable to keep up with transfer rates that are now reaching 115k baud The PC16552C allows the serial port designer to design ports that can handle these faster data rates Trans...

Page 2: ...PC16552C Adapter Block Diagram TL F 11195 1 2 ...

Page 3: ...niz es as an empty slot Since the system remembers which adapter and ID resides in each slot removing a card inserting a new card or even moving an existing card to a different slot will cause a POST failure IBM s System Configuration utilities must then be run to reconfigure the system by modifying the configuration data stored in CMOS RAM ADFsÐAdapter Description Files System board and adapter P...

Page 4: ...n external pins while others are used for internal address de coding or to define the operating modes of the 82C611 POS100 and POS101ÐAdapter ID Bytes All adapters must store a two byte ID number in POS regis ters 100 and 101 IBM specifies that all direct program con trol adapters including memory mapped I O have an ID byte between 6000 and 6FFFh As previously mentioned the ID byte for this adapte...

Page 5: ...ts DS16 input which is tied high in this design CD CHRDY Card Channel Ready An adapter which needs more time to transfer data on the Micro Channel pulls this signal low not ready to extend the current bus cycle There are two types of extended cycles Asynchronous Ex tended and Synchronous Extended The difference be tween them is when the CD CHRDY signal driven back high ready In the synchronous cas...

Page 6: ...d directly to each comparator and compared to POS102 bit 4 and bit 1 which are programmed for channel 1 and channel 2 respectively A14 A13 and A12 are connected to 82C611 multi function pins MFP6 5 and 4 respectively They are constantly com pared to two bit fields in POS103ÐB5 3 and B2 0 Bits 5 3 are programmed with the A14 A13 and A12 bits expected for channel 1 and bits 2 0 with the bits expecte...

Page 7: ...driving the BURST signal until all transfers are complete A bursting device may also stop transfers if another device drives PREEMPT active thus postponing any further transfers until it wins the system channel again IBMÉ requires a bursting device not to ignore an active PREEMPT for more than 7 8 ms thus 7 8 ms is the maxi mum time allowed for a single BURST transfer At this time the Central Arbi...

Page 8: ...ned with the latter implementa tion One particular timing specification required by the Micro Channel when a DMA slave terminates a burst cycle is the most critical issue in the design of a useful DMA serviced serial port The goal of the DMA interface design is to be able to transfer four files simultaneously in two directions with attention from the CPU only at the beginning and end of the file t...

Page 9: ...out a wait state and ran I O read DMA transfers without errors A test of the IO write transfers was futile because only the older PC16552C was available making slave terminated transfers impossible The design chosen for implementation uses just one Local Arbiter and prioritizes the UART DMA requests on the adapter This design was chosen because it is more inform ative example and has a lower chip ...

Page 10: ... stay in Idle until the Delay signal goes inactive low 100 ns later Thus DREQ is guaranteed to be inactive for at least 100 ns Selection of Arbitration Vector The PC16552C Adapter is designed to store four different arbitration vectors which correspond to the 4 DMA channels programmed to service the UART s RXRDY and TXRDY DMA request signals Two 74LS153 Dual 4 Line to 1 Line Data selectors are use...

Page 11: ...s asserted and DMA controller begins transfer XFR3 DREQ has gone inactive signifying completion of transfer BURST is deasserted This is an intermedi ate state to IDLE Fairness IBM s Fairness algorithm is enabled when POS register 102 bit 7 is set An asynchronous state machine for each of the four UART DMA request signals implemented in 2 PALs Fair1 and Fair2 ensures that the four requests obey the...

Page 12: ...he CL in puts of the DMAÐEN register s 74LS74 latches The TC pulse clears the adapter card enable bit for the decoded channel and prevents any further DMA request from that channel until the CPU has re intialized the system for a new file transfer All four UART TC pulses are OR ed together to set a 1 bit read only register called Interrupt Status Register ISR The output of ISR is connected to the ...

Page 13: ...PU sits in a wait loop while the DMA controller continues to service the serial ports The program stops af ter all four files have been transferred The dmaÐint IRQ3 service routine is executed if a line status error is generated or a TC is generated by a file trans fer completion The routine first checks for line status errors in both channels It then reads the 1 bit Interrupt Status Register ISR ...

Page 14: ...oice SERIAL 3 pos 0 4XXXX100Xb pos 1 4XXXXX011b io 3220h 3227h int 3 choice SERIAL 4 pos 0 4XXXX101Xb pos 1 4XXXXX011b io 3228h 322fh int 3 choice SERIAL 5 pos 0 4XXXX100Xb pos 1 4XXXXX100b io 4220h 4227h int 3 choice SERIAL 6 pos 0 4XXXX101Xb pos 1 4XXXXX100b io 4228h 422fh int 3 choice SERIAL 7 pos 0 4XXXX100Xb pos 1 4XXXXX101b io 5220h 5227h int 3 choice SERIAL 8 pos 0 4XXXX101Xb pos 1 4XXXXX10...

Page 15: ...s BUSARB Local Arbiter State Machine The following asynchronous state machine controls the Local Arbiter on the Adapter Card The device used is a 20L8 PAL outputs q3 q2 q1 q0 burst preout ack enarb pins 21 20 19 18 17 16 22 15 inputs dreq arbgnt buswin prein chrst pins 1 2 3 4 5 States of Arbiter idle e 1 1 1 1 req e 1 1 1 0 req uchannel bus preout q0 active arb e 1 0 1 0 vector enabled preout ena...

Page 16: ...nd enarb enable arb3 e sel3 enarb enable arb2 e sel2 Q enarb enable arb1 e sel1 Q2 enarb enable arb0 e sel0 Q2 Q3 enarb LOCKOUT Device Request Lockout State Machine This machine selects and prioritizes the four UART DMA requests and issues a single request to the Local Arbiter Once a particular request is selected all others are locked out The device used is 16L8D PAL Outputs dreq s1 s0 q0 q1 q2 q...

Page 17: ...r rx1 fair chrst Ý rx1Ðwait fair rx2 tx1 tx2 PREEMPT chrst rx1q1 e rx1Ðxfr rx1 fair chrst Ý rx1Ðwait rx2 tx1 tx2 PREEMPT chrst Ý rx1Ðwait rx2 tx1 tx2 PREEMPT chrst rx2q0 e rx2Ðdle rx2 chrst Ý rx2Ðxfr rx2 chrst Ý rx2Ðxfr rx2 fair chrst Ý rx2Ðwait fair rx1 tx1 tx2 PREEMPT chrst rx2q1 e rx2Ðxfr rx2 fair chrst Ý rx2Ðwait rx1 tx1 tx2 PREEMPT chrst Ý rx2Ðwait rx1 tx1 tx2 PREEMPT chrst rx1fair e rx1q1 rx...

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Page 24: ...onal Semiconductor National Semiconductor National Semiconductores National Semiconductor Corporation GmbH Japan Ltd Hong Kong Ltd Do Brazil Ltda Australia Pty Ltd 2900 Semiconductor Drive Livry Gargan Str 10 Sumitomo Chemical 13th Floor Straight Block Rue Deputado Lacorda Franco Building 16 P O Box 58090 D 82256 F4urstenfeldbruck Engineering Center Ocean Centre 5 Canton Rd 120 3A Business Park Dr...

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