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2014-01-23 - an0820_Rev1.00
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Figure 2.4. Byte Transmission, Parity and Elementary Time Unit
S
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
P
Err
St art bit
8 bit Fram e
Parit y bit
Line pulled
low in case
of error
ETU
Elem ent ary
Tim e Unit
Guard Period
Note that this byte-format with parity error detection is always used during the Answer to Reset, but only
for further communication if the selected protocol is "T=0" (based on what is indicated in the ATR). What
T=0 protocol means and why it is called that is explained in Section 2.3 (p. 6) .
2.2.4 Answer to Reset
The Answer to Reset is a string of 33 or fewer characters (bytes). With naming as defined in ISO 7816-3,
the ATR consists of the following mandatory and optional characters:
• TS - a mandatory initial character, conveying byte-format, (the direct or inverse convention).
• T0 - a mandatory format character, indicating the contents of the ATR.
• TAi, TBi, TCi, TDi - optional interface characters, these characters indicate supported clock speeds,
voltage levels and protocols supported by the card. Since they are optional, if not given, the card
reader must continue with the default protocol used during the ATR sequence.
• T1, T2, TK - optional historical characters, these characters typically hold information about the card
manufacturer, type of card (size etc.), version number and the state of the card.
• TCK - a conditional check character, presence of this byte is indicated by the optional interface
characters, if present, it is exclusive OR of all the bytes in the ATR, excluding TS and TCK.
This document will not go further into the meaning of these characters, please refer to the ISO 7816-3
Standard for more information, (Reference 1 (p. 20) ).
2.3 Part 4; Commands and Exchange of Data Packets
The previous section described how the first basic communication channel is established between the
card and the reader. The channel is a half-duplex, physical channel. Part 4 of the ISO 7816 standard
defines the link-level protocols on top of this physical channel. The link-level protocol provides an error-
free communication channel for the application-level protocol. This section describes the message
structure consisting of application protocol data units (APDUs), which are exchanged between the reader
application and the smart card application by the link-level protocol. Since only one type of the link-level
protocol is supported by the EFM32-reader-implementation (T=0), this will be described in more detail
than the others.
Summary of Contents for EFM32
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