SBAS492 – JULY 2015
Typical Applications (continued)
The phase angle of the electrical signal on the power network buses is a special interest to power system
engineers. The primary objective for this design is to accurately measure the phase and phase difference
between the analog input signals in a multichannel data acquisition system. When multiple input channels are
sampled in a sequential manner as in a multiplexed ADC, an additional phase delay is introduced between the
channels. Thus, the phase measurements are not accurate. However, this additional phase delay is constant and
can be compensated in application software.
The key design requirements are given below:
•
Single-ended sinusoidal input signal with a ±10-V amplitude and typical frequency (f
IN
= 50 Hz).
•
Design an 8-channel multiplexed data acquisition system using a 12-bit SAR ADC.
•
Design a software algorithm to compensate for the additional phase difference between the channels.
9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The application circuit and system diagram for this design is shown in
. This design includes a
complete hardware and software implementation of a multichannel data acquisition system for power automation
applications.
This system can be designed using the ADS8668, which is a 12-bit, 500-kSPS, 8-channel, multiplexed input,
SAR ADC with integrated precision reference and analog front-end circuitry for each channel. The ADC supports
bipolar input ranges up to ±10.24 V with a single 5-V supply and provides minimum latency in data output
resulting from the SAR architecture. The integration offered by this device makes the ADS8664 and ADS8668 an
ideal selection for such applications, because the integrated signal conditioning helps minimize system
components and avoids the need for generating high-voltage supply rails. The overall system-level dc precision
(gain and offset errors) and low temperature drift offered by this device helps system designers achieve the
desired system accuracy without calibration. In most applications, using passive RC filters or multi-stage filters in
front of the ADC is preferred to reduce the noise of the input signal.
The software algorithm implemented in this design uses the discrete fourier transform (DFT) method to calculate
and track the input signal frequency, obtain the exact phase angle of the individual signal, calculate the phase
difference, and implement phase compensation. The entire algorithm has four steps:
•
Calculate the theoretical phase difference introduced by the ADC resulting from multiplexing input channels.
•
Estimate the frequency of the input signal using frequency tracking and DFT techniques.
•
Calculate the phase angle of all signals in the system based on the estimated frequency.
•
Compensate the phase difference for all channels using the theoretical value of an additional MUX phase
delay calculated in the first step.
For a step-by-step design procedure, circuit schematics, bill of materials, PCB files, simulation results, and test
results, see
Phase Compensated 8-Channel, Multiplexed Data Acquisition System for Power Automation
66
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